1. RULES FOR SIGNED NUMBERS ADDITION And “SUBTRACTION” 1 I have not put in “Animation” to go step-by-step

2. 4 + 3 = 7+ ADD Move to Right All Numbers have a “SIGN” Usually the sign is POSITIVE and not written. + 4 + + 3 = + 7 Positive PLUS Positive = Positive + (bigger) ADDING 2 Positive Numbers 2

3. - 4 + - 3 = - 7 + Add, but in the -3 Or to the Left - 4 + - 3 = - 7 Negative PLUS Negative = Negative + (bigger) ADDING 2 NEGATIVE Numbers In This Example: both numbers are Negative 3

4. 4 - 3 = 1 - Move to Left OLD RULE: Take Away or ‘SUBTRACT’ 4 Take Away 3 is 1. 4 - 3 = 1 Remember all numbers have a SIGN + + + THERE IS NO SUCH THIS AS SUBTRACTION! IT IS ADDITION OF THE OPPOSITE + 4 Change the Operation of MINUS (-) Sign to ADDITION (+) + Change the (+) Sign of the Number to the Opposite - 3 Add “3” in the negative (Left) direction UNLIKE Signs: Take the Difference and the “SIGN” of the larger Number 4

5. 3 - 4 = -1 - Move to Left OLD RULE: Take Away or ‘SUBTRACT’ 4 Take Away 3 is -1. 3 - 4 = 1 Remember all numbers have a SIGN + + - THERE IS NO SUCH THIS AS SUBTRACTION! IT IS ADDITION OF THE OPPOSITE + 3 Change the Operation of MINUS (-) Sign to ADDITION (+) + Change the (+) Sign of the Number to the Opposite - 4 Add “4” in the negative (Left) direction UNLIKE Signs: Take the Difference and the “SIGN” of the larger Number 5

6. 7 - 4 = ? - Move to Left How do you “subtract” when you start with a “Negative” number? -7 Take Away 4 is ? 7 - 4 = Remember all numbers have a SIGN - + THERE IS NO SUCH THIS AS SUBTRACTION! IT IS ADDITION OF THE OPPOSITE - 7 Change the Operation of MINUS (-) Sign to ADDITION (+) + Change the (+) Sign of the Number to the Opposite - 4 Add “4” in the negative (Left) direction - THIS IS NOW AN ADDITION problem of : Negative Plus Negative = Negative - 11 6

7. 7 - What does it mean to Subtract a “Negative”? 7 Take Away -2? 7 + + THERE IS NO SUCH THIS AS SUBTRACTION! IT IS ADDITION OF THE OPPOSITE + 7 Change the Operation of MINUS (-) Sign to ADDITION (+) + Change the (-) Sign of the Number to the Opposite 2 = 9 THIS IS NOW AN ADDITION problem of Positive Plus Positive = Positive - 2 = ? 2 + 7

8. 3 - What does it mean to Subtract a “Negative”? -3 Take Away -5? 3 + + THERE IS NO SUCH THIS AS SUBTRACTION! IT IS ADDITION OF THE OPPOSITE - 3 Change the Operation of MINUS (-) Sign to ADDITION (+) + Change the (-) Sign of the Number to the Opposite 5 = 2 THIS IS NOW AN ADDITION problem of Negative Plus Positive - 5 = ? 5 + - - UNLIKE Signs: Take the Difference and the “SIGN” of the larger Number 8