1. Robert E. Crippen, Ph.D. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91109 USA 818-354-2475 crippen@jpl.nasa,gov Geotechnical Engineering Earthquake Reconnaissance: Use of Remote Sensing

2. Wavelengths: * Visible Light & Reflectance Infrared * Radar Platforms: * Spaceborne * Airborne REMOTE SENSING

3. Using Radar Imagery: * Backscatter Images * Change Detection * Interferometry * Polarimetry Some Sensors: ERS/ENVISAT, Radarsat, Airborne Using Visible & Reflectance Infrared: * Post-Quake-Image Direct Recognition * Change Detection (Pre-vs-Post Imagery) * Visual * Computational * Imaging Spectroscopy Some Sensors: Quickbird, Ikonos, Aerial TECHNIQUES

4. DIGITAL PROCESSING Correlation Images (Damage creates low) Difference Images (Damage creates high) Complex Coherence (Radar) Edge Enhancements (Movements vs Reflectance) Texture measurements: Temporal & Spatial Changes Calibration / Normalization Vegetation Masking

6. Bam Earthquake, Iran December 26, 2003 Citadel BeforeAfter

7. Bam Earthquake, Iran Citadel BeforeAfter Quickbird Satellite

8. Bam Earthquake, Iran December 26, 2003 BeforeAfter Quickbird Satellite

9. September 30, 2003January 3, 2004 University of California at Irvine (UCI) and the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)

10. ImageCat Inc. and Chiba University Quickbird satellite imagery of Boumerdes, Algeria. Acquired before and after the May 21st 2003 earthquake. Images courtesy of DigitalGlobe.

11. Ikonos Satellite Image (1 meter): Tokyo

12. Ikonos Satellite Image (1 meter): Manhattan, NY

13. LIDAR Fault Detection Near Seattle

14. LIDAR: Petronas Towers, Malaysia Image interpretation, change detection, pancaking issue

17. Landers Earthquake Fault Break Observation SPOT Image: 10 meters Ikonos Image: 1 meter (Aerial Photo Simulation) “Follow the Trace”

19. Radar Imaging Effects of Quake Damage on Radar Backscatter Weakened Signal ReturnStrengthened Signal Return From: Matsuoka & Yamazaki, IGARSS 2004

20. Hector Mine Earthquake SAR Interferometry 16 October 1999 Gilles Peltzer, Frédéric Crampé, and Paul Rosen JPL

21. JERS-1 interferometric image of the Kobe, Japan area following the 1995 earthquake, depicting surface deformation. ( JPL, GSI and NASDA)

22. AVIRIS: Mapping Hotspots Environmental Studies of the World Trade Center area after the September 11, 2001 attack. U. S. Geological Survey, Open File Report OFR-01-0429

23. Airborne Visible & Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) Mapping Asbestos

24. PROBLEMS / CONSIDERATIONS Clouds / Smoke / Darkness: Radar advantage Resolution: Visible / NIR advantage Acquisition Speeds: Utility and Clean-Ups Archive Availability Acquisitions before quake (any at all?) Acquisitions that match… Non-Quake Differences: Seasons: vegetation and shadows Viewing geometry (distortions & hidden areas) Construction & non-quake demolition