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Published byTeresa Harrington Modified over 9 years ago
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India: more than 1 billion Pakistan: 145 million Bangladesh: 133.5 million Large undernourishment and malnourishment in these countries
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The Geography of Family Planning ◦ India Since the 1950s the TFR has dropped TFRS vary widely within the country Strong correlation between women’s education and family planning 27% of India’s married women are sterilized Cultural preference for male children
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◦ Pakistan The country still lacks an effective, coordinated family planning program Overall high TFR Early childhood mortality, and low rate of female contraception usage may account for the high TFRs
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◦ Bangladesh Has one of the highest settlement densities in the world TFR has been nearly cut in half between 1975 and the late 1990s 50% of Bangladesh women use oral contraception Strong government support for family planning
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South Asia is one of the least urbanized regions of the world Majority reside in compact rural villages and small towns Rural-to-urban migration as a result if agricultural changes
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Historically unproductive agriculture Green Revolution – agricultural techniques based on hybrid crop strains and heavy use of industrial fertilizers and chemical pesticides Greatly increased agricultural yields in South Asia
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◦ Crop Zones Rice: lower Ganges Valley, lowlands of India’s eastern and western coasts, delta lands of Bangladesh, Pakistan’s lower Indus Valley, and Sri Lanka Wheat: northern Indus Valley, western half of India’s Ganges Valley Punjab is India’s “breadbasket” Oil seeds in semiarid districts Coconut, tea, and spices in Kerala and Sri Lanka Cotton in west central India and Pakistan Jute in Bangladesh
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◦ Livestock Low meat consumption due to vegetarianism and poverty White revolution – increase in dairy efficiency and production
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Use of hybrid seeds to bolster production 1970 and 1990s: India more than doubled annual grain production Only more prosperous farmers could afford to adopt seeds and use mechanization Environmental problems from dependency on chemical fertilizers and pesticides Poorer farmers forced from their lands
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◦ Future Food Supply Many of the crop improvements have seemingly exhausted their potential Genetic engineering a solution? Expanded irrigation a solution? Salinization – the buildup of salt in agricultural fields
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About 25% of the South Asian population resides in urban areas Many live in bustees – sprawling squatter settlements
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Bustees – settlements of temporary, often illegal housing in Indian Cities; main cause is rural to urban shift. ◦ Mumbai (Bombay) Largest city in South Asia Financial, commercial, and industrial center Less-fortunate immigrants live in “hutments” – these are crude shelters built on formerly busy sidewalks often right in the center of the city.
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More than 11 million people India’s capital British colonial imprint Air pollution
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More than 12 million people Poverty, pollution, and congestion; homelessness rife
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Capital of Bangladesh Around 8 million people Economic vitality has increased since independence
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More than 7 million people Is Pakistan’s largest city Political and ethnic tensions
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Pakistan’s cultural, educational, and artistic center ◦ Islamabad Forward capital – the capital that signals both symbolically and geographically the intentions of the country Islamabad Name makes formal statement about religious foundation of Pakistan Location close to Kashmir gives message that Pakistan is not giving up claims to that region
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