2. Cities started to form around 2,500-1,500 BC Rich soil allowed for farming and a surplus of crops Trade occurred with places as far away as Mesopotamia The largest city was Mohenjo-Daro (present- day Pakistan Primary crops were wheat and barley Social structure was focused around the caste system Religion was Hinduism and Buddhism

3. Mohenjo-Daro flourished around during the civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia There was a large central market place Held around 5,000 people The ruin lay undiscovered for around 3,700 years until the rediscovery in 1922 Information regarding language, religion, and government are still not quite known The city name translates to “The Mound of the Dead”

4. The writing is still not able to be translated It is debatable whether or not is was a proper writing system There are hundreds of distinct characters, yet each inscription is only a few characters long

6. The Himalaya mountains is the largest mountain range in the world It can be up to 5 miles high and over 1,500 miles long The Himalayas separated India from most of the world Water from the mountains flowed in the Indus and Ganges Rivers, allowing for farming to be possible

8. There is a lot still not known about this early civilization (unable to translate the writing) It is unknown what led to the fall of the Indus River civilization Some possibilities include: Weather related (floods or droughts) Overuse of land for farming Invasion