1. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 1 EVOLUTION OF PERSONAL,PORTABLE COMPUTERS { PPC } AFTER THE 1980’S KAYPRO ERA FRANK J. GADEK, PH.D. “ STILL INITIAL DRAFT ONLY “

2. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 2 PLEASE CONSULT THE “DRAFT” OF MY BOOK ON THE EVOLUTION OF KAYPROS & PERSONAL, PORTABLE COMPUTERS { PPC ‘S } FOR SPECIFIC DEFINITIONS, PATTERNS, UNDERSTANDINGS, PAST HISTORY, ETC. POSTED ON MY WEB SITE – WWW.KAYPROSTS.ORGWWW.KAYPROSTS.ORG ALSO ON THE 2008 TRENTON COMPUTER FESTIVAL CD - WHERE I GAVE A PRESENTATION ON THE DRAFT OF THIS BOOK TWO [2] PUBLISHERS, ONE FROM USA & ONE FROM CANADA ARE PRESENTLY CONSIDERING PUBLISHING THE FINAL VERSION OF THIS BOOK

3. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 3 THE SPECIFIC DEFINITION OF PPC’S IS IMPORTANT SO THAT WE CAN BETTER EXPLORE THE ERA AFTER KAYPROS PPC’S ARE GENERALLY CONSIDERED FOR HOME & BUSINESS, WITH APPLICATIONS INVOLVING THE MOST COMMON USES OF COMPUTERS IN THESE AREAS – WORD PROCESSING DATABASE MANAGEMENT SPREADSHEETS COMMUNICATION PPC’S ARE NOT “GAME” OR SPECIALTY COMPUTERS – ALTHOUGH SOME WERE VERY POPULAR & PROFITABLE, WITH A FEW COMPANIES SURVIVING FOR RELATIVELY LONG TIMES FOR THE INDUSTRY

4. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 4 PPC’S CAME WITH ALL THE ESSENTIALS TO BEGIN USING THEM IMMEDIATELY E.G., OSBORNE & KAYPRO OFFERINGS – “THE COMPLEAT COMPUTER” [E.G. KAYPRO SLOGAN] COMPUTER MONITOR KEYBOARD STORAGE – DISK DRIVES, ETC. COMMUNICATION – MODEM COMMON SOFTWARE REASONABLE PRICE / AVAILABILITY / SUPPORT / ETC. SOME EVEN INCLUDED MOST COMMON SOFTWARE – OSBORNE / KAYPRO

5. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 5 PERSONAL, PORTABLE COMPUTER { PPC } PERSONAL – REGULAR PEOPLE COULD REASONABLY AFFORT IT & IT DID WHAT THEY NEEDED TO BE DONE AT HOME AND AT WORK PORTABLE – COULD BE REASONABLY TRANSPORTED BY INDIVIDUALS TO OTHER LOCATIONS – ALTHOUGH ORIGINAL PPC’S WERE FAIRLY BULKY & HEAVY – KAYPROS ABOUT 18” X 10” X 8” & WEIGHED ALMOST 30 POUNDS COMPUTERS – REAL COMPUTERS, NOT JUST FOR GAMES OR SPECIALTY WORK

6. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 6 FOR THOSE NOT FAMILIAR WITH EARLY COMPUTERS BEFORE PPC’S – MANY COMPUTERS, IF YOU REALLY COULD CALL THEM THAT IN THAT ERA - DID NOT HAVE A MONITOR, KEYBOARD, STORAGE, ETC. MANY WERE JUST A COMPUTER BOARD – THAT YOU HAD TO ADD THINGS TO FOR REALISTIC OPERATION IN FACT SOME ONLY COULD BE OPERATED BY SWITCHES SOFTWARE WAS NOT READILY AVAILABLE & NOT VERY SOPHISTICATED – IN ESSENCE, YOU HAD TO DEVELOP YOUR OWN SOFTWARE – “BASIC” WAS A VERY POPULAR SIMPLE COMPUTER LANGUAGE THAT ALLOWED MANY TO HAVE THEIR COMPUTERS BEHAVE AS THEY WANTED THEM TOO.

7. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 7 NATURALLY, THERE WERE THE “REAL” COMPUTERS, ESPECIALLY LARGE MAINFRAMES, THAT MANY BUSINESSES USED FOR THEIR EVER INCREASING SOPHISTICATED & COMPLEX OPERATIONS BUT THESE WERE VERY EXPENSIVE & CERTAINLY NOT AFFORDABLE BY COMMON INDIVIDUALS IN ADDITION, A LARGE BUILDING WAS REQUIRED THAT HAD TO BE SPECIALLY CONSTRUCTED FOR OPERATION OF SUCH A SOPHISTICATED & COMPLEX DEVICE THIS IS HOW IBM GOT STARTED – PROVIDING THE COMPUTER, SOFTWARE & SUPPORT FOR SUCH LARGE BUSINESSES, WHICH COULD BE CONFIDENT THAT THEY DID NOT HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT THAT ASPECT, JUST PAYING THE BILLS TO IBM

8. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 8 BUT AS COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPED & BECAME MUCH MORE SOPHISTICATED, THE POWER OF COMPUTERS INCREASED SO THAT MAINFRAMES COULD BE DUPLICATED BY PPC’S IN MANY WAYS THUS, BUSINESSES & THE COMMON PERSON NOW HAD] THE POWER OF A MAINFRAME, WITHOUT ALL THE DISADVANTAGES IBM HAD GREAT DIFFICULTY ADAPTING TO THE NEW REALITY ! SUCH IS HISTORY !

9. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 9 CERTAINLY THIS IS A GOOD AREA FOR FURTHER EXPLORATION TO AT LEAST HELP DEMONSTRATE HOW FAR WE HAVE COME WITH COMPUTERS, ESPECIALLY IN OUR OWN PERSONAL LIVES – PPC’S !

10. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 10 NO DOUBT WHEN THE KAYPRO ERA ENDED IN THE LATE 1980’S - COMPAQ WAS THE UNDESPUTED LEADER IN PPC’S THERE FOLLOWED AT LEAST FOUR [4] FOLLOWING GENERAL ERAS – AS PPC’S BECAME MORE OF JUST ANOTHER “CONSUMER COMMODITY” 1 ]COMPAQ DOMINATION 2]MANY SMALLER COMPANIES FIGHTING TO EXIST WITH COMPAQ 3]EVENTUAL DOMINANT COMPAQ, APPLE, IBM, GATEWAY + USUAL MANY STRUGGLING SMALLER COMPANIES, 4]MORE RECENT DOMINANCE BY HP & DELL + USUAL MANY STRUGGLING SMALLER COMPANIES

11. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 11 NOTE – THERE ARE AS USUAL MANY COMPLEXITIES INVOLVED MAINLY CONCENTRATE ON USA EUROPE, ASIA, ETC. CAN BE VERY DIFFERENT FOR MANY SPECIFIC LOCAL REASONS

12. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 12 MANY OF THE SAME CHALLENGES & FACTORS IN THE PAST KAYPRO ERA CONTINUED TO MOLD THE STILL THIS RELATIVELY NEW PPC ERA

13. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 13 NATURALLY, ONE OF THE BIGGEST CHALLENGES FOR ANY COMPANY WAS TO TRY TO MAKE BEST USE OF EVER NEW & INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY BUT STILL REMAIN PROFITABLE BUT HOW ? THERE STILL WAS VERY LITTLE TO TRY TO USE AS A LONG TERM SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS MODEL IN SUCH SO NEW & RAPIDLY DEVELOPING INDUSTRY DID A RELIABLE ANSWER EVEN EXIST OR WAS POSSIBLE IN SUCH A “HYPERGROWTH” ENVIRONMENT [OSBORNE TERM]

14. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 14 MANY FAILURES CONTINUED BASED ON – KNOWN & UNKNOWN FACTORS PAST SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS MODELS NEW, INNOVATIVE BUSINESS MODELS HUMAN FACTORS – ARROGANCE, PERSONAL CONFLICTS / TRAGEDIES / AGENDAS, JUST PLAIN “STUPIDITY !, ETC.” [E.G., SOCIETY ASPECTS OF STS] LUCK OR LACK OF IT TIMING CHANGING MARKETS / CONSUMER DESIRES ETC.

15. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 15 SOME USEFUL BOOKS OF MANY – COMPANIES - IBM APPLE RADIO SHACK COMMODORE XEROX HISTORY – “SILICON JUNGLE” BY ROTHMAN “ACCIDENTAL EMPIRES” BY CRINGELY “FIRE IN THE VALLEY” BY FREIBERGER & SWAINE + MANY NEWER BOOKS AS INDUSTRY CONTINUES TO SO DRAMATICALLY EVOLVE

16. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 16 SOME COMMON PATTERNS – DRIVING EMPLOYEES TO PHYSICAL & MENTAL EXTREMES – MAY NOT BE NECESSARY, IF PROPER PLANNING / MANAGEMENT, DESPITE NEW / UNEXPECTED TECHNICAL ADVANCES TRYING TO CONTINUE THE PAST INSTEAD OF EMBRACING THE FUTURE CONFLICTING QUOTES OF ALAN KAY – TO PREDICT FUTURE – PREVENT IT TO PREDICT FUTURE – INVENT IT “MYTH” OF THE SAVIOR LEADER OF THE COMPANY VERY SMART / CAPABLE PEOPLE NOT RECOGNIZED

17. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 17 OLD MANAGEMENT STYLES IMMATURITY – LACK OF PROPER DEVELOPMENT BOTH SOCIALLY & TECHNICALLY USING OLD METHODS FOR NEW ISSUES ARROGANCE / PERSONAL DEFECTS / PAST EXPERIENCES – PERSONAL / TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT NOT PROPERLY REWARDING EXCELLENCE & NOT KEEPING PAST PROMISES IDEALISM VERSUS PRACTICALITY - E.G., THE USUAL & EXPECTED, EVEN CONTINUING TODAY

18. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 18 PROFESSIONAL BUSINESS VERSUS AMATEUR ENDEAVORS INITIAL BREAKTHRUS CAN BE DRAMATIC, POPULAR & VERY SUCCESSFUL BASED ON “NOVELTY” ASPECT – E.G., GARAGE / BEDROOM ENDEAVORS VERSUS SUCCESSFULLY MEETING LONGTERM TREMENDOUS CREATED DEMAND FOR CONSUMER DESIRES & STILL BE PROFITABLE TO SURVIVE – FOR PRESENT SUCCESS & FUTURE POSSIBILITIES BUT LONG TERM SUCCESS REQUIRES SOPHISTICATED EXPERTISE IN BUSINESS, LEGAL, MARKETING, FINANCING, ETC., PARTICULARLY AS TIMES CHANGE SO RAPIDLY & DRAMATICALLY IN SO MANY WAYS

19. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 19 INNOVATIVE, CREATIVE DEVELOPERS OF NEW TECHNOLGY [IN THEIR BEDROOMS, GARAGES, ETC. – LOW BUDGET – IDEALISTIC NOTIONS COULD NOT COMPREHEND COMPLEXITIES OF LONG TERM BUSINESS SUCCESS EXPERIENCED BUSINESS MANAGEMENT – COULD NOT SUFFICIENTLY APPRECIATE JUST HOW INNOVATIVE / CREATIVE DEVELOPERS WERE, BESIDES HOW TO PROPERLY PRODUCE & MARKET SUCH PRODUCTS IN THIS SO NEW ERA OF COMPUTING -NOTHING LIKE IT IN PAST ! -CANNOT COMPREHEND WHAT THEY MUST DO WITH THIS NEW STUFF TO SUCCEED !

20. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 20 INNOVATORS HAVE TO BETTER APPRECIATE WHAT IS REQUIRED FOR A LONG TERM SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS FOR ULTIMATE SURVIVAL - PROFITS BUSINESS HAS TO BETTER APPRECIATE WHAT IS REQUIRED TO KEEP TH INNOVATORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE PROCESS – SINCE THINGS ARE NOT STATIC – WHAT YOU HAVE NOW IS “STATE OF ART,” BUT IT LASTS FOR A VERY SHORT TIME – NEW DEVELOPMENTS ARE REQUIRED FOR LONG TERM ULTIMATE SURVIVAL BUT HOW TO DEFINE SUCCESS – INNOVATIVE VERSUS BUSINESS BUT BOTH CAN AGREE THAT LONGEVITY IS THE ULTIMATE ! THUS, BOTH HAVE TO BE INTIMATELY INVOLVED TO CONTINUE TO STRIVE TO THIS ULTIMATE GOAL OF BOTH !

21. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 21 SO INEVITABLE CONFLICT OF TWO DIFFERENT CULTURES – CREATIVE / INNOVATIVE / ETC. FUTURE ORIENTED FREE / UNINHIBITED VERSUS PLAY BY THE BOOKS – WHAT WORKED IN PAST CAN IN FUTURE PAST ORIENTED VERY FORMAL / STRUCTURED

22. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 22 BUT BOTH NEEDED FOR LONG TERM SUCCESS HOW TO “BLEND” / MANAGE / ETC. PROBABLY THE MOST CRITICAL SOME COMPANIES DID BETTER THAN OTHERS BUT ALMOST ALL DID NOT DO ENOUGH SO EVENTUAL VERY PREVENTABLE DISASTERS ALL INVOLVES BASICALLY THE “SOCIETY” HUMANISTIC ASPECTS OF STS OVERALL TECHNOLOGY WILL CONTINUE TO DEVELOP BUT SOCIETY IS THE VARIABLE – HOW TO ADJUST PROPERLY FOR LONG TERM SUCCESS

23. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 23 AS NOTED IN THE DRAFT OF MY KAYPRO BOOK, IT IS LIKE A RELAY RACE – YOU PASS YOUR “PRESENT SUCCESS” BATON OFF TO THE NEXT COMPANY FOR THEM TO GO AS FAR AS THEY CAN WITH IT, BEFORE THEY MUST ALSO PASS OFF THE BATON, FOR WHATEVER REASONS NO ONE WINS, ALL JUST PASS OFF THE BATON FOR INFINITY THE KEY IS HOW LONG CAN THE “PEOPLE”FACTOR KEEP THE BATON WITH THEIR COMPANY – NOTHING IS FOREVER – BUT YOU CAN EXTEND THE TIME LIMIT IF YOU MANAGE YOUR PEOPLE CORRECTLY – THE HUMANITY ASPECT

24. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 24 PERHAPS, THERE IS NO LONG TERM ANSWER / STRATEGY / MANAGEMENT STYLE / BUSINESS PLAN / ETC. BUT AT LEAST TRY NOT TO RECREATE THE WHEEL OF OBVIOUS PAST MISTAKES BY OTHERS SO LEARN FROM PAST HISTORY OF STS, SO YOU CAN AT LEAST AVOID PAST MISTAKES & BETTER MAKE YOUR OWN DECISIONS IN SUCH CONTINUING UNCERTAIN TIMES.

25. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 25 CERTAINLY PROPERLY & EFFECTIVELY / EFFICIENTLY HANDLING THE MEDIA IS ALSO VERY CRITICAL, BUT NEGLECTED & NOT APPRECIATED BY MANY SO MANY CRITICAL / CRUCIAL / ETC. “MISTAKES” MADE BY SO MANY THAT JUST COULD HAVE BEEN SO EASILY AVOIDED ESPECIALLY TODAY WITH THE MEDIA BEING SO PROMINENT, POWERFUL, INVASIVE, ETC. AN AREA SO NEGLECTED BY MANY IN THE INTIAL SO “HEADY” DAYS OF PPC’S, WITH SO DRASTIC NEGATIVE & EASILY AVOIDABLE RESULTS

26. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 26 ALL VERY TYPICAL “STS” PATTERNS IN SO MANY INDUSTRIES SHOWS “SOCIETY” – HUMANISTIC ASPECTS OF STS QUESTION QUESTION – CAN WE LEARN FROM ALL OF THIS TO – BETTER UNDERSTAND STS THUS, BETTER MANAGE STS GLOBALLY & EVEN IN OUR OWN EVERYDAY PERSONAL LIVES ???

27. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 27 BY EXPLORING, INVESTIGATING, EXPERIENCING, SHARING, ETC. STS ISSUES, WE MAY BE ABLE TO ANTICIPATE EXPECTED & UNEXPECTED CONSEQUENCES OF STS SO WE CAN MAKE BETTER DECISIONS FOR THE OVERALL LONGTERM BENEFIT OF HUMANITY & OUR PLANET / UNIVERSE, ETC.

28. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 28 BRIEF SPECIFIC DETAILS OF THE PPC ERA AFTER KAYPROS – BUT SOME BEFORE SINCE THEY PROVIDE USEFUL PATTERNS REPEATED LATER – DO WE REALLY LEARN FROM PAST HISTORY ? COMMODORE – ALTHOUGH MORE OF A “GAMING” TYPE OF COMPUTER & NOT REALLY A PPC, THEIR HISTORY HAS MUCH TO OFFER TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING, ALONG WITH BEING BETTER ABLE TO SEE COMMON PATTERNS IN OTHER COMPUTING COMPANIES RADIO SHACK / TANDY – AN EARLY INNOVATIVE LEADER WITH MANY BUSINESS ADVANTAGES, BUT WHAT HAPPENED ? APPLE – CERTAINLY A KEY PLAYER TODAY, BUT IN VERY DIFFERENT WAYS & PROVIDE AN ALTERNATIVE TO TRADITIONAL PC’S TODAY

29. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 29 IBM - WHO COULD HAVE KNOWN ? “THE” COMPUTER COMPANY THAT COULD NOT ULTIMATELY “JUST DO IT !” XEROX – THE FIRST PPC, VERY INNOVATIVE / CREATIVE, BUT NOT INTERESTED IN MARKETING THEIR PRODUCTS, BUT OTHERS WHO SAW WHAT THEY HAD TOOK IT AND DID, SOME VERY SUCCESSFULLY XEROX DESERVED THE CREDIT, BUT OTHERS GOT IT INSTEAD !

30. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 30 SOME BOOKS TO CONSIDER

31. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 31

32. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 32

33. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 33

34. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 34

35. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 35

36. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 36 1971 1978

37. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 37 1979 1986

38. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 38 1994 1987

39. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 39 TO BE CONTINUED AS INTEREST & RESOURCES PERMIT JUST LET ME KNOW !

40. AFTER 1980'S KAYPRO ERA COPYRIGHT F. GADEK 12/27/2009 40