1. FRENCH REVOLUTION

2. SOCIAL SYSTEM 1789 OUTDATED SOCIAL SYSTEM THREE CLASSES
EMERGED IN MIDDLE AGES
THREE CLASSES
FIRST ESTATE
SECOND ESTATE
THIRD ESTATE

3. FIRST ESTATE CLERGY CHURCH OWNED 10% LAND COLLECTED TITHES
BISHOPS & ABBOTS LIVED WELL
PARISH PRIESTS – POOR
PROVIDED SOME SOCIAL SERVICES
CONDEMNED THE ENLIGHTENMENT

4. SECOND ESTATE “NOBILITY OF FRENCH SOCIETY” TOP JOBS:
GOVERNMENT
ARMY
COURTS
CHURCH
FINANCIAL PINCH (PRICES RISING)
HATED ABSOLUTISM
FEARED:
LOSING JOBS
FREEDOM OF NOT HAVING TO PAY TAXES

5. THIRD ESTATE 1797 – 27 MILLION PEOPLE (98%) DIVERSE GROUP
1) BOURGEOISIE (MIDDLE CLASS)
LAWYERS
DOCTORS
PROFESSORS
2) PEASANTS (9 OUT 10)
3) URBAN WORKERS
PRINTING
CLOTH MAKING
UNEMPLOYED (BEGGING & CRIME)

6. ECONOMIC TROUBLES DEFICIT SPENDING LOUIS XIV HOW DID THEY SOLVE THIS?
FRANCE IN DEBT
SEVEN YEARS’ WAR
AMERICAN REVOLUTION
HALF GOV. TAX INCOME WENT TO THE INTEREST ON THE DEBT
HOW DID THEY SOLVE THIS?

7. ECONOMIC TROUBLES FAILURE TO REFORM
HEIRS OF LOUIS XIV NOT FIT TO SOLVE ECONOMIC CRISIS
LOUIS XV
PLEASURE BEFORE BUSINESS
LOUIS XVI
WEAK & INDECISIVE
CRISIS DEEPENED
PRESSURE FOR REFORM MOUNTED

8. ESTATES GENERAL 1788 FRANCE – EDGE OF BANKRUPTCY LOUIS XVI
SUMMONED ESTATES GENERAL TO VERSAILLES (175 YEARS)

9. THE CAHIERS ALL ESTATES PREPARE CAHIERS LIST OF GRIEVANCES
FAIRER TAXES
FREEDOM OF PRESS
REGULAR ESTATE MEETINGS
CHAOS
“BLOODSUCKERS OF THE NATION WHO DRINK THE TEARS OF THE UNFORTUNATE FROM GOBLETS OF GOLD”
“20 MILLION MUST LIVE ON HALF OF THE WEALTH OF FRANCE WHILE THE CLERGY….. DEVOUR THE OTHER HALF”

10. ESTATES GENERAL DELEGATES TO THIRD ESTATE WERE ELECTED
ONLY PROPERTIED MEN COULD VOTE (MIDDLE CLASS)
VERSAILLES
SOLVE FINANCIAL CRISIS
INSIST ON REFORM (ENLIGHTENMENT)

11. ESTATES GENERAL MAY 1789 ISSUE OF VOTING OLD WAY: 3RD ESTATE:
EACH ESTATE HAD ONE VOTE
1ST & 2ND = ALWAYS OUTVOTED THE 3RD
3RD ESTATE:
ALL 3 TO MEET AND VOTES COUNTED BY HEADS

12. ESTATES GENERAL WEEKS OF STALEMATE
DECLARED THEMSELVES “NATIONAL ASSEMBLY”
INVITED DELEGATES FROM 1 & 2
CONSTITUTION
BASIC LAWS & RULES OF GOV.
MEETING HALL LOCKED
INDOOR TENNIS COURT
OATH: NEVER TO SEPARATE AND MEET WHENEVER NECESSARY
“TENNIS COURT OATH”

13. UNREST LOUIS XVI GRUDGINGLY ACCEPTED NATIONAL ASSEMBLY RUMORS
TROOPS OCCUPY PARIS
JULY 14, 1789
800 PARISIANS
STORMED BASTILLE (MEDIEVAL FORTRESS)
FIRED ON CROWD
IS IT A REVOLT?
“NO IT’S A REVOLUTION”

14. NEW FRANCE REVOLUTIONARY ERA 1) NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (1789-1791)
2) REIGN OF TERROR ( )
3) Directory ( )
4) AGE OF NAPOLEON ( )

15. GREAT FEAR FAMINE UNEMPLOYMENT 80% INCOME – BREAD
RUMORS OF GOV. SEIZING CROPS
PEASANTS
ATTACKED NOBLE HOMES
STOLE
ANGER WITH UNJUST REGIME

16. REFORMS AUGUST 4, 1789 NATIONAL ASSEMBLY VOTED TO END THEIR PRIVILEGES
ALL EQUAL CITIZENS
1ST STEP OF CONSTITUTION
MODELED AFTER THE DEC. OF IND.
PROTECT NATURAL RIGHTS
LOUIS XVI SLOW TO ACCEPT REFORMS
STARVATION

17. PARIS IN ARMS REVOLUTIONARY CENTER FACTIONS COMPETED TO GAIN POWER
MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE
MODERATES
HERO
HEAD OF MIDDLE CLASS MILITIA
WORE RED – WHITE – BLUE BADGE

18. WOMEN MARCH ANGER QUEEN MARIE ANTOINETTE EXTRAVAGANT SOURCE OF SCANDAL
REFUSED TO LEAVE
IMPORTANT DEMAND – RETURN TO PARIS
CROWDS SANG & CHEERED
TRICOLOR
LOUIS & MARIE PRISONERS

19. CONSTITUTION 1791 LIMITED MONARCHY LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
MAKE LAWS
COLLECT TAXES
WAR & PEACE
ASSEMBLY ELECTED
50,000 OUT OF 27 MILLION QUALIFIED AS CANDIDATES

20. THE GETAWAY JUNE 1791 LOUIS – MARIE – ROYAL CHILDREN DISGUISED FAILED
MONEY SHOWED HIS FACE
TAKEN TO PARIS
“TRAITOR TO THE REVOLUTION”

21. REACTION OUTSIDE FRANCE
SUPPORTERS OF ENLIGHTENMENT
APPLAUDED
EUROPEAN RULERS & NOBLES
DENOUNCED THE REV.
BORDER PATROLS
HORROR STORIES
PRUSSIA & AUSTRIA
DEC. OF PILNITZ
THREATENED TO PROTECT FRENCH MONARCHY

22. RADICAL ACTION OCTOBER 1791
NEWLY ELECTED LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY TOOK OFFICE
LESS THAN ONE YEAR
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS RENEWED
INFLATION
FAMINE
SANS-CULOTTES (WORKING CLASS)
DEMANDED A REPUBLIC
BATTLE FOR POWER WITHIN LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
SANS-CULOTTES
JACOBINS (MIDDLE CLASS)

23. WAR APRIL 1792 SPREAD REV. WAR DECLARED EASY VICTORY? 1792-1815
FRENCH REVOLUTIONARIES V. EUROPEAN MONARCHS
SPREAD REV.
WAR DECLARED
AUSTRIA
PRUSSIA
BRITAIN
EASY VICTORY?