1. Treatment

2.   Free association  Patient reports any and all conscious thoughts  Hypnosis – unconsious  Manifest Content – subject of dream  Latent Content – symbols  Transference – patient shifts thoughts/feelings about people/events onto therapist  Countertransference – therapist transfers their feelings onto their patient Psychoanalysis

3.   Client-Centered Therapy  Carl Rogers (invented)  Understand client through their own reality  Nondirectional approach – focus on clients perception and how that effects them  Goal of therapy: self-actualization (full potential)  Genuineness – active listener and relate to client  Unconditional Positive Regard – show complete acceptance of client no matter what  Accurate empathic understanding – therapist ability to view world from clients eyes (empathy) Humanistic

4.   Fritz Perls  Combines both physical/mental therapies  Client maybe asked to act out conflict in order to make them aware of their interactions between body and mind Gestalt Therapy

5.   Behavioral Therapy – short-term process, no deep underlying cause of problem, abnormal behavior is the problem and symptom  Insight  Insight into the cause is the processes of getting better  Psychoanalysis Behavioral Therapy v. Insight Therapy

6.   Conterconditioning – response to a given stimulus is replaced by a different response  Alcoholic – replace good feelings while drinking, with feelings concerning alcohol  Aversion Therapy – Administer punishment while stimulus  Drink alcohol get slapped!  Systematic Desensitization – replace anxiety with relaxation Behavioral Therapy Counterconditioning

7.   Extinction Procedures – weaken maladaptive responses  Flooding – expose client to stimulus that causes undesirable response  Fear spiders, here’s a Camel spider have fun!  Implosion – client imagines stimulus rather than confront it Behavioral Psychology

8.   Operant Conditioning  Behavior-control technique  Behavioral contracting  Patient and client draw up a contract both agree to follow. Follow behavior, rewarded if do the right thing  Modeling  Bandura’s social learning theory  Vicarious learning – watch and learn Behavioral Psychology

9.   Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) also called Rational-emotive therapy (RET)  Albert Ellis – when confronted with situations, people recite statements to themselves that express maladaptive thoughts  Change thoughts by facing it  Aaron Beck – focus on maladaptive schemas  Negative triad – negative view of self, world, future  Maladaptive inference – person draws conclusions without evidence  Dichotomous thinking – all-or-none conceptions of situations  “If I don’t get this job, I’ll be a complete failure.” Cognitive Therapy

10.   Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)  High voltage electricity pass through head  Causes temp amnesia, possible seizures  Success with depression (last option)  Possible memory loss  Psychosurgery  Prefrontal lobotomy – patient left catatonic state Biological Therapies

11.   Psychopharmacology - treatment of psychological and behavioral maladaptations with drugs  Psychotropic (psychologically active drugs)  4 classes of psychotropic/psychologically active drugs:  Antipsychotics  Antidepressants  Anxiolytics  Lithium salts  Antipsychotics – Clozapine, Thorazine, Haldol  Reduce schizophrenia symptoms blocking neural receptors for dopamine  Tardive dyskinesia – shaking (side effect) Biological Therapies

12.   Antidepressants – Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, tricyclics, selective reuptake inhibitors  MAO – like Eutron increase amount of serotonin, norepinephrine in synaptic cleft  Tricyclics – like Norpramin, amitriptyline, impiramine  Increase amount of serotonin/norepinephrine  Selective reuptake inhibitors (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or SSRIs) – block reuptake mechanism of cell that released the neurotranmitters.  Prozac (fluoxetine)  Fewer side effects Biological Therapies

13.   Anxiolytics – depress CNS and reduce anxiety, increase feelings of well-being, and reduce insomnia  Common anti-anxiety is Xanax, also include barbiturates (rarely used)  Benzodiazepines – Valium (diazepam) and Librium (chlordiazepoxide) cause muscle relaxation  Lithium Carbonate  A salt effective in treatment of bipolar disorder Biological Therapies

14.   Group therapy  12 Step programs  Couples therapy  Family therapy Modes of Therapy