1. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 X Ray Transport, Optics, and Diagnostics Overview FAC Photon Topical Oct. 27, 2005 This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. Work supported in part by the DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. This work was performed in support of the LCLS project at SLAC.

2. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 Outline XTOD Configuration X-Ray Beam Conditioning & Diagnostics Goals XTOD Interfaces Upstream FEE Instruments Mechanical & Vacuum XTOD Work Plan Technical Documents, Summary

3. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 The FEE Will House the Majority of XTOD Diagnostics and Beam Conditioning Systems Fast close valve Slit Ion Chamber Diagnostics Package Gas Attenuator Solid Attenuator SiC Mirror 1 Be Mirrors 2 & 3 SiC Mirror 2 Collimator 1 Diagnostics Package Collimator 2

4. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 The FEE Instruments Will Be Used to Characterize and Monitor the Performance of the LCLS Beam Solid Attenuator Gas Attenuator Slit; Fixed Mask Start of Experimental Hutches 5 mm diameter collimators Muon Shield FEL Offset mirror system Total Energy Calorimeter WFOV Direct Imager Spectrometer / Indirect Imager Windowless Ion Chamber e-e- Diagnostic Package Fast Valve Diagnostic Package

5. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 Experimental Halls and Tunnel are Comprised Primarily of Transport Systems and Imagers Direct Imager Direct Imager, CD4 Flipper Mirror NEH Hutch 2 FEH TUNNEL Turbo Pump Offset Support Beam Tube, 4.00” OD X.083” W X 120” L Flex Support Ion Pump Offset Support

6. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 Gas and Solids Attenuators Can Attenuate the FEL up to 4 Orders of Magnitude Use Gas Use Solids Solid Attenuator 256 Attenuation Levels Gas Attenuator * For a transmission of 10 -4

7. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 XTOD Redundant Commissioning Instrumentation InstrumentPurposeAdjustmentCalibration and Physics risks Direct ImagerSP f(x,y), look for FEL, measure FEL u, f(x,y), x,y ND filter, Attenuators Scintillator linearity, Attenuator linearity and background Indirect ImagerMeasure FEL u, f(x,y), spectral imaging of SP & FEL harmonics Mirror AngleMirror reflectivity, damage Total EnergyFEL uAttenuatorsEnergy to Heat, damage Ion ChamberFEL u, x,y,x',y'PressureSignal strength SpectrometersFEL, SP spectraAttenuatorsResolution, damage

8. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 FEL Offset System Has Been Incorporated in the XTOD Plan Baseline cost & schedule have been defined The FEE layout has been modified Radiation Physics analysis has defined critical components (e.g, collimators, shielding) Development Schedule Determine mirror and other system specifications Produce concept and corresponding engineering specification Complete conceptual engineering design

9. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 XTOD Interfaces Have Been Defined XTOD to Linac (1.1-504) Vacuum, fluid interfaces Mechanical Interfaces Control Signals, electrical interfaces Radiation & other environmental issues XTOD to XES (1.1-507) Vacuum & Mechanical interfaces for PPS Control Signals XTOD to Conventional Facilities (1.5-108) HVAC ( thermal, humidity, gas supplies, exhaust systems) Mechanical, vibration Electrical: Power, cable trays,communications

10. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 Fast and Slow Valve Specifications Fast Valve VAT Series 77 Flap Shutter with Pneumatic Actuator Closes to less than 30 mTorr*L/s within 15 ms Opens to full size of beam pipe 2,000 cycles to first service Slow Valve VAT Series 48 All Metal Gate Valve Seals within 3 seconds 20,000 cycles to first service Controls VAT VF-2 Controller VAT High Vacuum Sensor EPICS Compatible Meets or exceeds all requirements

11. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 Fixed Mask Key Requirements Define clear aperture for diagnostics as a 5 x 10 cm image at NEH (757.404 m) Protect downstream equipment from non- central radiation Align aperture within 1 mm of beam position

12. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 Fixed Mask Concept 6 Strut System 0.03mm Resolution Tantalum Mask – 5 cm thick 5 DOF Mount

13. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 X-ray Slit Key Requirements Defines precision aperture of x-ray laser Able to choose any rectangular area inside clear aperture of fixed mask – 0.16 mm or larger 10 micron linear resolution Blocks aligns to beam axis within 29.5 arc- seconds Compatible with high vacuum environment Opens to clear aperture for diagnostics Compatible with EPICS control system

14. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 X-ray Slit General Specifications Two pairs of slits One horizontal One vertical Stages compatible with 1E-6 Torr Slits open beyond clear aperture 6 strut system can yield 0.03 mm resolution

15. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 X-ray Slit Movement Specifications Linear motion 100 mm travel 1.25  m resolution 2  m accuracy 2  m repeatability Motorized Rotary Stage Manual Rotary Stage Motorized Linear Stage Limit Switch Adjuster (2) Limit Switch (2) Horizontal Slit Block - B 4 C Radial motion 360 degree travel 3 arc-sec resolution 30 arc-sec accuracy 6 arc-sec repeatability

16. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 Solid Attenuator Concept 256 attenuation levels Eight beryllium slides Each twice as thick as the last (0.3 to 38.4 mm) Up to 99.998% attenuation of 8.26 keV x-rays Millions of attenuation levels when used with gas attenuator Pneumatically actuated

17. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 Sample of Predicted Transmission Levels Beryllium X-ray Energy (eV)8267700060005000400030002000 Attenuation Length (microns)6906.4423965.6722398.1521327.45647.367259.15772.958 Attenuation Length (mm)6.913.972.401.330.650.260.07 Transmission thru Gas Attenuator at max pressure0.88120.80660.70670.54380.30030.05750.0001 Thickness (mm)Transmission 0.01.00000 0.30.957490.927140.882410.797720.629130.314240.01638 0.60.916790.859590.778650.636360.395810.098750.00027 0.90.877820.796960.687090.507640.249010.031030.00000 1.20.840510.738900.606300.404950.156660.009750.00000 1.50.804780.685060.535000.323040.098560.003060.00000 1.80.770570.635150.472090.257690.062010.000960.00000 2.10.737810.588870.416580.205570.039010.000300.00000 2.40.706450.545970.367600.163990.024540.000100.00000 2.70.676420.506190.324370.130810.015440.000030.00000 3.00.647670.469310.286230.104350.009710.000010.00000

18. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 XTOD Vacuum System Requirements Average Pressure < 10 -5 Torr Long Pump life time > 10 yrs Design Tube Vacuum Level 3x10 -6 Torr Max Operating Level 6x10 -6 Torr Ion Pumps Operated below 10 -6 Torr Specified life time for most ion pumps @ 10 -6 Torr > 50,000 hrs (~6 yrs) Specified life time for VacIon Starcell @ 10 -6 Torr > 80,000 hrs (~9 yrs)

19. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 Sketch of 212-m tunnel with pump locations 57.8’116.3’57.8’ 58.15’ 57.8’116.3’57.8’ 116.3’57.3’ 58.15’ 231.9’ 24.85’ 231.9’ 718.5’ 38 Flange Joints VACUUM VALVE ION PUMP TURBO PUMP 4” OD tube is in 10ft sections with metal gaskets. At each pump, there are 7” bellows, 4” dia. cross, and gate valve – all joined with metal gaskets.

20. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 Turbo Pump and Support Varian V70LP Turbo Pump Bellows Beam Tube, 4.00” OD X.083” W 6” Conflat Flange Cold Cathode Gauge, MKS 422 4-Way Cross Support Varian TriScroll 300 Pump Valve, VAT Series 48 DN 100 (4” ID, 6” Conflat) Leak Check Valve Flex Support

21. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 Ion Pump and Support Varian StarCell 75 Ion Pump Bellows Beam Tube, 4.00” OD X.083” W 6” Conflat Flange Cold Cathode Gauge, MKS 422 Rupture Disk 4-Way Cross Support Flex Support

22. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 Lumped parameter analysis S(L/sec)=Q (Torr-L/sec) / P(Torr) Total volume = 1603 L Total area = 6.6x10 5 cm 2 outgassing at 1x10 -10 Torr-L/sec/cm 2 after 100 hrs 110 - 4” gaskets each leak at 6x10 -7 Torr-L/sec Then Q=1.3x10 -4 Torr-L/sec, total gas load at 100 hrs (50% is from 110 seals) So for a design pressure of 3x10 -6 Torr then with no conductance loss, S = 44 L/sec But for a 106-m tube, C = 1 L/sec so we need multiple pumps

23. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 Pressure history is calculated at each subvolume N for 100 hours Model solves the gas load matrix with N coupled differential equations 4 times Roughing from 760 to 0.01 Torr for 5 hrs Turbo pumping to below 10 -5 Torr for 30 hours Ion pumping in the -6 range to 100 hours Failure of ion pumps for few minutes Gas Load Balance: V n dp n /dt =  Q n in –  Q n out for n =1,N Where Q n in = leakage and time-dependent outgassing into n Q n out = C nm (P n -P m ) where m is an adjacent volume Or Q n out = (S C np / (S + C np ) P n where C np is the conductance between n and the pump and S (P n ) is the pressure dependent pump speed. Methodology verified in experiment Pressure gauges on APT at LANL verified the predictions by the Mathematica model that was programmed to fit that geometry

24. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 100100010000100000. Model provides 100 hr history of pressure at any location 100 hrs311 Scroll Turbo Ion Pressure, Torr Time, sec 100 1 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 10 -8

25. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 50100150200 Z,meters 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.6 0.4 Pressure, 10 -6 Torr Pressure profile with 6-75 L/s ion pumps at 100 hrs For SnomimalTotal = 450 L/s, SnetTotal = 327 L/s Theory: P=Q/S = 4.1 x10 -7 Torr. The best that can be achieved. Code: Pavg = 8.4 x10 -7 Torr. So our design is efficient!

26. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 Permanent turbo pumps can replace failed ion pumps to keep P < 6 x 10 -6 Torr Pmax = 7.2 x 10 -6 Torr (above specs) Pmin = 3.7 x 10 -7 Torr Pmax = 2.2 x 10 -6 Torr (within specs) Pmin = 3.2 x 10 -7 Torr Two failed adjacent IPs 2 min 2 5 3 1 seconds 0400800 50100150200 Nsv 1 2 0 10 -6 Torr 2 6 4 0 Two failed adjacent IPs with middle turbo on

27. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 3 rd,4 th,5 th failed 2 nd,3 rd 4 th, 5 th failed 2 nd,4 th,5 th failed 1, 2, or 3 turbos on 3 rd,4 th failed Design pressure during IP failure Turbo pumps reduce pressure below design even when 4 ion pumps fail All working 2 nd,4 th failed 4 th failed

28. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 Six 75 L/s ion pumps meets the reqs with margin and reasonable costs 2345678910 Number of Ion Pumps Maximum pressure 10 -6 Torr 8 6 4 2 Design limit Max limit Single failure, no backup Normal 2345678910 To optimize the system, number and pump size was varied to keep 450 L/s total nomimal pumping

29. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 The XTOD Work Plan Will Complete the Tunnel and Experimental Hall Mechanical & Vacuum Systems and the 1 st Half of FEE Systems in FY06 FYO6 Efforts Design mechanical and vacuum systems through tunnel Design FEE up to Diagnostic Package (Fast Valve, Fixed Mask, Slit, Solid & Gas Attenuators, Ion Chambers) Complete conceptual designs for FEL Offset, TEM, Spectrometer, Imagers Design XTOD Controls systems (details up to FEE Diagnostic Package and the Tunnel) Prototype Efforts for Gas Attenuator, Tunnel Vacuum System, and Total Energy Monitor (TEM) Complete Damage Study Continue simulation efforts of physics models and to support engineering specifications Prepare procurement package for all final design systems FY07,FY08 Efforts Final Design for FEE- Diagnostic Package and FEL Offset System (Nov 07) Complete XTOD Controls Procure, Build, Test, and ship all systems to SLAC (Beneficial Occupancy Dates: FEE-Oct. ’07, NEH-June ’07, Tunnel- Oct ’07, Sept ‘07) Refine simulation models and support commissioning activities XTOD Commissioning

30. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 Several Key XTOD Technical Documents/Specifications Have Been Completed “LCLS Spontaneous Radiation with Reflection along the Beam Line in the Undulator Pipes “, Kirby Fong “The LCLS Gas Attenuator”, D.D. Ryutov “Photoluminescence as a way of non-destructive imaging at the LCLS facility”, D.D. Ryutov “Indirect Imager Requirements”, M. Pivovaroff “SiC Mirror Specifications”, M. Pivovaroff “Commissioning Diagnostics Specifications”, R. Bionta

31. Donn H. McMahon XTOD Configuration Overviewmcmahon4@llnl.gov October 24-26, 2005 UCRL-PRES-216590 Summary FEE layout has stabilized including FEL Offset System TTF Damage experiment has been conducted (SiC, B 4 C ) Significant progress on upstream FEE systems and Tunnel Prototype efforts on the Total Energy Monitor are yielding promising results Prototype efforts for Gas Attenuator to begin in November Controls efforts are keeping pace developing entire XTOD system layouts, alignment of XTOD controls with LCLS standards, and installation of EPICS at LLNL