2. Quantities and Concentrations

3. SI Base Units Physical quantityName of UnitsAbbreviation Masskilogramkg Lengthmeterm Timeseconds TemperaturekelvinK Amount of substancemolemol Electric currentampereA Luminous intensitycandelacd

4. SI Prefixes especially useful in this course giga G 10 9 megaM10 6 kilok10 3 centic10 -2 millim10 -3 micro  10 -6 nanon10 -9 picop10 -12

5. Quantities Mole Molar mass Mass Weight What is the difference between mass and weight?

6. Useful Algebraic Relationships wt A (g) mol A = ----------------- fw A (g/mol) mol A = V (L) x M (mol A/L soln) or wt A (mg) mmol A = ----------------- fw A (g/mol) mmol A = V (mL) x M (mmol A/mL soln)

7. Solution Terminology solute solvent aqueous solution liter atomic weight molecular weight

8. Molar concentrtion-Molarity no. moles A Molarity => M = ------------------- no. liters solution or no. millimoles A Molarity => M = ------------------------- no. milliliters solution

9. Analytical Molarity Equilibrium molarity What are analytical molarity and equilibrium molarity? What is the difference between them?

10. Percent Composition wt of a solute w - w% = -------------------- × 100% wt of solution vol of a solute v - v% = -------------------- × 100% vol of solution wt of a solute w - v% = --------------------- × 100% vol of solution

11. p-Functions pX = - log 10 [X] examples: pH pOH pCl pAg

12. Parts per Million / Billion wt of a solute c ppm = ------------------- × 10 6 wt of solution wt of a solute c ppb = ------------------- × 10 9 wt of solution

13. Empirical Formulas Molecular Formulas Structure Formulas

14. Chemical Stoichiometry

15. Preparing Solutions EXAMPLE: Describe the preparation of 1.00 L of 0.100 M NaOH solution (f.w. 40.00) from reagent grade solid.

16. (1.00 L soln) # g NaOH = ----------------

17. EXAMPLE: Describe the preparation of 1.00 L of 0.100 M NaOH solution (f.w. 40.00) from reagent grade solid. (1.00 L soln)(0.100 mol NaOH) # g NaOH = --------------------------------------- (1 L soln)

18. EXAMPLE: Describe the preparation of 1.00 L of 0.100 M NaOH solution (f.w. 40.00) from reagent grade solid. (1.00 L soln)(0.100 mol NaOH) # g NaOH = --------------------------------------- (1 L soln)

19. EXAMPLE: Describe the preparation of 1.00 L of 0.100 M NaOH solution (f.w. 40.00) from reagent grade solid. (1.00)(0.100 mol NaOH) # g NaOH = ------------------------------ (1)

20. EXAMPLE: Describe the preparation of 1.00 L of 0.100 M NaOH solution (f.w. 40.00) from reagent grade solid. (1.00)(0.100 mol)(40.00g NaOH) # g NaOH = ---------------------------------------- (1) (1 mol)

21. EXAMPLE: Describe the preparation of 1.00 L of 0.100 M NaOH solution (f.w. 40.00) from reagent grade solid. (1.00)(0.100 mol)(40.00g NaOH) # g NaOH = ---------------------------------------- (1) (1 mol)

22. EXAMPLE: Describe the preparation of 1.00 L of 0.100 M NaOH solution (f.w. 40.00) from reagent grade solid. (1.00)(0.100)(40.00g NaOH) # g NaOH = ---------------------------------------- (1) (1)

23. EXAMPLE: Describe the preparation of 1.00 L of 0.100 M NaOH solution (f.w. 40.00) from reagent grade solid. (1.00)(0.100)(40.00g NaOH) # g NaOH = ---------------------------------------- (1) (1) = 4.00 g NaOH

24. EXAMPLE: Describe the preparation of 1.00 L of 0.100 M NaOH solution (f.w. 40.00) from reagent grade solid. (1.00)(0.100)(40.00g NaOH) # g NaOH = ---------------------------------------- (1) (1) = 4.00 g NaOH Weigh 4.00 g of NaOH, transfer to a 1.00 L volumetric flask, and dilute to the line.

25. Dilution #moles solute in conc. soln equals #moles solut in dil. soln therefore M conc V conc = M dil V dil