1. Chapter 23 Development of digestive and respiratory system

2. Ⅰ.Primitive gut and its derivetives
Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut
Oropharyngeal membrane
Cloacal membrane
Vitelline duct

3. Ⅱ.Development of the digestive system
1.Evolution of foregut
Esophagus and stomach
Liver and gallbladder
Pancreas

4. (1) Development of the esophagus
Epithelium
simple to stratified
recanalization
incomplete recanalization
esophageal stenosis
esophageal atresia

5. (2) Development of the stomach
dorsal mesentery
Mesentery
ventral mesentery

6. Dorsal border: greater curvature, fundus
Ventral border: lesser curvature
Dorsal mesogastrium: omental bursa

8. (3) Development of liver and gallbladder
Hepatic diverticulum
Cephalic limb: liver
Caudal limb:
gallbladder cystic duct
Septum transversum
肝憩室
Common bile duct

9. 原始横隔
原始横隔

10. 原始横隔

11. Congenital obstructive jaundice

12. (4) Development of pancreas
Ventral pancreatic bud
Dorsal pancreatic bud
Ventral pancreatic duct
Dorsal pancreatic duct
Common pancreatic duct
Accessory pancreatic duct

13. Annular pancreas

15. 2. Evolution of midgut and hindgut (development of intestine)
(1)Midgut loop
Cephalic limb
Caudal limb
Caecal swelling
(bud)
Caecum
Appendix
Superior mesenteric artery

16. Physiological umbilical herniation
rotate counter clockwise

17. (2) Evolution of hindgut (Separation of the cloaca)
urorectal septum
Cloaca
Urogenital sinus
Urinary bladder, urethra
Anorectal canal
Rectum
Upper part of anal canal
Cloacal membrane
Urogenital membrane
Anal membrane
Anal pit

20. Separation of the cloaca
Pectinate line

21. 3.Congenital malformation of the intestine
(1)Stenosis, atresia and duplication

22. (2) Umbilical fistula and Meckel’s diverticulum
vitelline fistula
Vitelline cyst
(3) Congenital umbilical hernia
Vitelline ligament
Vitelline ligament

24. due to absence of parasympathetic ganglia in the bowel wall
(4)Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon
due to absence of parasympathetic ganglia in the bowel wall

25. (5) Imperforate anus
rectovaginal fistula
rectourethral fistula

26. Rectourethral fistula
Rectovesical fistula

27. (6) Abnormal midgut rotation
left side colon
nonrotation of the midgut
reversed rotation of the midgut
situs inversus viscerum

28. Ⅲ.Development of the respiratory system
the Larynx and
trachea
Laryngotracheal
groove
Laryngotracheal diverticulum
Tracheoesophageal septum
Diverticulum: larynx, trachea, lung buds
喉气管憩室

29. 2. Development of bronchi and lungs
Lung buds
Bronchi, bronchial tree, alveoli
Surfactant: lowering the surface tension
Mesenchyme: CT, cartilage, smooth muscles, blood vessels

30. 3. Malformation Stenosis or atresia of larynx and trachea
Esophagotracheal fistula
hyaline membrane disease
respiratory distress syndrome

31. Thank You!