2. Respiratory System

3. Function Brings oxygen from the air into the body and expels carbon dioxide from the body ▫Accomplished by circulatory system

4. Upper Respiratory System Consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, and larynx ▫Mucous membranes  Lining of respiratory tract that secrete mucus ▫Mucus  Slimy secretion that helps to warm, moisten, and filter air

5. Upper Respiratory System Cilia ▫Tiny wave-like hairs that line the nostrils and help to filter air Pharynx ▫Passageway shared by the digestive and respiratory system Epiglottis ▫Tiny flap that covers the larynx during swallowing Larynx ▫“voice box,” contains vocal cords that vibrate when air passes through

6. Anatomy & Physiology TM 5 Tongue Esophagus Mouth Trachea Epiglottis Nasal cavity Larynx Pharynx

7. Lower Respiratory System Trachea ▫“windpipe,” has rings of cartilage that keep its shape. Bronchi ▫Branches at the bottom of the trachea that are contained in the lungs. (singular: bronchus) Bronchial tree ▫Term describing how branches of the bronchi get continually smaller, like a tree branch Bronchioles ▫Small branches of the bronchial tree

8. Lower Respiratory System Alveoli ▫Grape-like clusters at ends of bronchioles where exchange of gases occurs Lungs ▫Paired organs containing bronchi that are divided into clearly defined lobes Diaphragm ▫Muscle located below the lungs that contracts causing the lungs to fill with air.

9. Anatomy & Physiology TM 8 Epiglottis Cartilage ring Bronchioles Alveoli Trachea Lungs Larynx Bronchi

10. Breathing Inhalation ▫Drawing in of a breath Exhalation ▫Release of a breath Apnea ▫Not breathing

11. Breathing Dyspnea ▫Difficult breathing Bradypnea ▫Abnormally slow breathing rate Tachypnea ▫Abnormally fast breathing rate Respiration ▫Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in the lungs