1. GREGOR MENDEL and HIS WORK
Genetics
GREGOR MENDEL and
HIS WORK

2. Genetics the study of heredity
the way in which traits of parents are passed on to offspring

3. Gregor Mendel
Austrian Monk
Considered the “Father of Heredity”
did experiments with peas and proved that certain characteristics……..

4. ……….
Such as color and height, are passed from parent to offspring

5. Differences all differences in organisms are not caused by genetics
some are caused by the environment
the conditions under which the animals are raised

6. Dominant
and
Recessive
Traits

7. Dominant Traits
Dominant traits are characteristics that people see you have

8. Symbols
dominant genes
capital letters A

9. Recessive Traits
Recessive traits are characteristics that you have which people cannot see

10. Symbols a
recessive genes
lower case letters

11. When someone has a recessive trait that can be seen, it means that they inherited one recessive trait from each parent

12. What are some dominant and recessive traits?

13. THE EXTERNAL APPEARANCE OF AN ORGANISM
Phenotypes
THE EXTERNAL APPEARANCE OF AN ORGANISM

14. THE GENETIC MAKEUP OF AN ORGANISM
Genotypes
THE GENETIC MAKEUP OF AN ORGANISM

15. MENDEL’S
GENETICS

16. Mendel studied 7 traits in peas.
*SEED SHAPE *SEED COLOR *POD SHAPE *POD COLOR *FLOWER COLOR *FLOWER LOCATION *STEM SIZE

19. HE PLANTED EACH TYPE IN A SEPARATE GARDEN
GREW THEM UNTIL HE WAS SURE THAT ALL TALL PLANTS PRODUCED TALL PLANTS & ALL ROUND PEA PLANTS PRODUCED ROUND PEAS AND SO ON…

20. IN OTHER WORDS, HE GREW AND POLLINATED PUREBRED PLANTS
TALL WITH TALL
ROUND PEAS WITH ROUND PEAS
SHORT WITH SHORT
ETC...

21. THEN HE TRANSFERRED THE POLLEN OF THE TALL PLANT TO THE SHORT PLANT, THE ROUND PEA TO THE WRINKLED PEA, ETC….

23. HE REPEATED THIS WITH EACH PHENOTYPE
HE FOUND THAT ALL ROUND PEA PLANTS CROSSED WITH WRINKLED PEA PLANTS PRODUCED ROUND PEAS PLANTS
WHATEVER HAD CAUSED THE PLANT TO BE WRINKLED HAD DISAPPEARED
HE REPEATED THIS WITH EACH PHENOTYPE

24. HE FOUND THAT THE RECESSIVE TRAITS WERE STILL THERE,
JUST HIDDEN

25. HE CALLED THE TRAITS THAT HE CALLED THE TRAITS THAT
WERE SEEN :
DOMINANT
HE CALLED THE TRAITS THAT
WERE NOT SEEN :
RECESSIVE

26. HE CALLED THE OFFSPRING WITH ONE DOMINANT FACTOR AND ONE RECESSIVE FACTOR: HYBRID

27. MEIOSIS

28. Nucleus
contains the genetic material

29. Chromosomes carry the genes
exist in pairs in all cells except sperm and egg cells

30. Genes
single determiner of a hereditary trait

31. Cell Division
two types
Mitosis
Meiosis

32. Mitosis cell division for growth this division never ends
chromosome pairs are duplicated exactly alike

33. Mitosis Steps of mitosis Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

34. Dominant gene in a pair, hides the effect of another gene
IF YOU RECALL...
Dominant gene
in a pair, hides the effect of another gene
Recessive gene
the gene which is hidden by a dominant gene

35. Gamete mature egg or sperm cell
each gamete has half the original number of chromosomes

36. Examples
of dominant genes
tongue rolling
free ear lobes
brown hair

37. Examples
of recessive genes
color red in Holsteins(cows)
dwarfism

38. Mitosis
T t
Meiosis T t
Mitosis t t

39. Steps of Meiosis Interphase Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I
Telophase I

40. Steps of Meiosis Interphase Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II
Telophase II
Cytokinesis

41. Meiosis cell division of reproductive cells (sperm and egg)
each new cell is not exactly like the old one

42. Meiosis
allows for random assortment of parental genes

43. Meiosis in each new cell chromosomes are not in pairs
each new cell contains half of the original number of chromosomes

44. Prophase I

45. Metaphase I

46. Anaphase I

47. Telophase I

48. Cytokinesis

49. CHROMOSOMES CONDENSE BUT DNA DOES NOT DUPLICATE

50. CHROMATIDS SEPARATE AND ARE PULLED TO OPPOSITE ENDS OF CELL
PAIRED CHROMATIDS LINE UP ACROSS MIDDLE OF CELL

51. CHROMOSOMES GATHER IN NUCLEI AND CELL DIVIDES
FOUR CELLS-EACH HAS NUCLEUS & 23
UNPAIRED CHROMOSOMES
CHROMOSOMES GATHER IN NUCLEI AND CELL DIVIDES