1. Classification of Matter

2. Four classes of matter
The four classes of matter are elements, compounds, mixtures, and solutions

3. Homogeneous matter
Appears to look similar throughout
Ex: salt, sugar, whipped cream
all parts are alike (appearance)

4. Question What does the prefix “homo” mean?
Name the four classes of matter.
What are the four phases of matter?

5. Milk in most stores is homogenized. What do you think this means?
Question
Milk in most stores is homogenized. What do you think this means?

6. Matter that has different properties
Heterogeneous matter
Matter that has different properties
Ex: soil, cereal with raisins, concrete

7. Question
How is homogeneous matter different from heterogeneous matter?

8. Question video
Why is it better to classify matter according to make-up rather than phase? Think!

9. What is a mixture?
A combination of substances
Two or more substances that are not chemically combined

10. Properties of mixtures
The substances in a mixture keep their separate identities (properties)
Ex: salt/pepper, sugar/water

11. Separating mixtures
The substances in a mixture can be separated by simple physical means
Evaporation and filtration are used to separate mixtures

12. Types of mixtures (video)
Heterogeneous mixtures are the “least mixed” of all mixtures
The different particles in mixtures are large enough to be seen

13. Homogeneous mixtures
Homogenous mixtures are “well mixed”
Particles are small and not easily recognized

14. Question
What are two ways mixtures can be separated?

15. Solutions (video)
A solution is a mixture in which a substance is dissolved in another, “best mixed”

16. Properties of a solution
Particles are not large enough to be seen
Evenly spread particles
Particles cannot be separated by simple physical means

17. Alloys (video)
Solutions of metals are alloys
Ex: gold jewelry, brass, sterling silver, stainless steel

18. Questions
Describe an alloy.
What are two properties of a solution?

19. Pure substances (video)
Homogeneous matter is also known as a pure substance
Properties: one kind of material with the same properties

20. Elements
Simplest types pure substances
Made of only one type of atom
Cannot be broken down by chemical processes or heating

21. What is an atom? (video)
The smallest particle of an element that has the same properties of the element is the atom

22. Chemical symbols
A short way of representing elements
Consists of one or two letters
An abbreviation for an element

23. Question
What are two properties of elements?
What is an atom?

24. Compounds (video)
Pure substances made of more than one element is a compound
Ex: carbon dioxide, ammonia, sugar

25. Molecules Two or more atoms that are chemically bonded
Smallest part of a compound that has the same properties of that compound

26. Separating compounds
Compounds are made of molecules
Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by heating and electricity

27. Questions
How is a molecule different from an atom?
How is a compound different from an element?

28. Combinations of chemical symbols are chemical formulas (C3H7OH) (NH3)

29. Subscript
A subscript is placed to the lower right of the chemical symbol
It gives the number of atoms of the element

30. Questions
How is chemical symbol different from a chemical formula?

31. Chemical equations
A description of a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas is a chemical equation

32. Coefficient
The number used to balance a chemical equation (coefficient)
“Balanced” means the same number of reactants and products

33. Questions
How is a subscript different from a coefficient?

34. Chemical reactions
Reactants are the substances that enter a chemical reaction
Products are the substances formed by a chemical reaction

35. Chemical equations 2H2+O2 (reactants) 2H2O
The arrow means yields (makes)
C + O2  CO2 (products)
Reactants (yield) products

36. Questions
What does the arrow  mean in a chemical equation?
What is a chemical equation?

37. Questions What is another name for a chemical reaction?
On what side of a chemical reaction would you find the reactants?
Products?