1. 1663 - Robert Hooke discovers compartments he calls ‘cells’ in cork 1673 - Anton Van Leeuwenhoek produced microscopes of 200x magnification. 1833 - Robert Brown discovers the nucleus in cells 1859 - Charles Darwin publishes his theory on evolution. 1865 - Gregor Mendel states that there are units of inheritance (genes) 1943 - Josef Mengele conducts horrific experiments on twins in Nazi concentration camps to test nature / nurture theories. 1905 - Sex chromosomes discovered (X and Y)

2. 1950/1953 - Rosalind Franklin uses X-ray diffraction to discover crucial keys to the structure of DNA 1953 - James Watson & Francis Crick create a visual model of DNA. 1989 - First birth using PGD (~200 births using PGD since) 1978 - First ‘test-tube’ baby produced using IVF 1995 - Plan to sequence human genome began 1997 - Dolly the sheep is first mammal to be cloned. 2000 - In US first ‘saviour sibling’ produced using PGD 2002 - HFEA refuse use of PGD for tissue typing alone

3. 2003 - Human Genome project completes draft sequence of DNA 2004 - HFEA grants first licence to allow scientists to create human stem cells using therapeutic cloning 2005 - HFEA now allows PGD to be used for tissue matching that will treat sick siblings 2006 ?? Now you have seen the advances made in genetics over the last few hundred years, what do you think will happen in the future? (- think of techniques such as cloning, gene therapy, PGD, stem cells)

4. student sheet 2006 - 2010 - 2020 - 2050 - 3005 -