1. Chapter 9 Section 4
The Turning Point

2. Vicksburg Falls
Union had control of much of Mississippi River after Battle of New Orleans & Battle of Shiloh
Major confederate stronghold on Mississippi River
Taking Vicksburg would cut Confederacy in two

3. Grierson’s Raid Vicksburg is located on east bank of Mississippi River
Grant needed to get to Vicksburg- decided to move his troops across the Mississippi River to the west bank and march south
To distract the Confederates- Col. Benjamin Grierson took 1,700 of the Illinois Calvary on a raid through Mississippi.

4. Grierson’s Raid Went 600 miles in 2 weeks
Allowed Grant to move his troops south of the city

5. The Siege of Vicksburg
Grant returned to east bank of river and marched east into Mississippi
Grant’s troops foraged as they marched
Grant’s troops marched 180 miles in 17 days
Fought 5 battles
Inflicted 7,200 casualties
Confederates driven back to their defenses at Vicksburg

6. The Siege of Vicksburg Grant attacked Vicksburg twice
Defenders stopped both attacks & inflicted high causalities
Grant put the city under siege
Lasted for 6 weeks
Confederate troops & city’s residents are near-starvation
July 4, 1863 Confederates surrendered Vicksburg

7. The Road to Gettysburg Lincoln fires McClellan after Antietam
Replaced by Ambrose Burnside
Lincoln wanted a general not intimated by Lee’s reputation

8. Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville
Dec. 13, Burnside ordered a series of attacks against Lee’s forces in the hills south of Fredericksburg, VA
Union troops- 12,000 casualties
Twice as much as Confederates

9. Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville
Lincoln replaced Burnside with Joseph Hooker
Hooker plans to attack Lee; Lee realizes plan and attacks Hooker in the dense woods known as the wilderness
Outnumbered 2 to 1, Lee’s forces repeatedly defeated the Union troops
Hooker retreated

10. The Battle of Gettysburg
Lee decides to invade North again
Marches into PA
Lincoln replaces Hooker with George Meade
Meade heads north to intercept Lee
Lee’s forces encountered the Union Cavalry as they headed toward the town of Gettysburg
Main forces of both armies hurried to scene of fighting

11. The Battle of Gettysburg
July 2, Lee attacked- Union held their ground
Lee ordered 15,000 men under the command of general George E. Pickett and A.P. Hill to undertake a massive assault- Pickett’s Charge
7,000 casualties in less than half an hour of fighting

12. The Battle of Gettysburg
Fewer than 5,000 Confederate troops made it up the hill
Union troops overwhelmed them
Lee began retreat to VA
Trapped between swollen Potomac River and Union troops
Meade’s army was also depleted and did not attack the defenses put by the retreating Confederates

13. The Battle of Gettysburg
Confederate forces lost approximately 28,000 killed or wounded
1/3 of Lee’s entire forces
23,000 Union casualties
Gettysburg proved to be the turning point of the war
Ensured British would not recognize the Confederacy & for rest of war Confederates fought a defensive war, slowly giving up ground

14. Chickamauga Rosecrans-Union General Bragg- Confederate General
Rosecrans forced Confederates out of Chattanooga without a fight
Bragg- did not retreat far
Rosecrans advanced into GA, Bragg attacked at the Chickamauga Creek
Rosecrans orders troops to Chattanooga

15. The Battle of Chattanooga
Chattanooga was a vital railroad junction
Lincoln sends part of Meade’s forces to Chattanooga on a train
11 days later 20,000 men with artillery, horses, and equipment arrive
Lincoln places Grant in overall command
Grant orders troops to attack Confederate positions on Lookout Mountain

16. The Battle of Chattanooga
Confederate retreated to Missionary Ridge
Awaited a Union attack
Grant did not intend to storm Missionary Ridge
Ordered William T. Sherman to attack Confederate positions on the north end of the ridge

17. The Battle of Chattanooga
Sherman failed to break through
Grant ordered 23,000 men to launch a limited attack on Missionary Ridge as a diversion
Forces overran the hill
Chattanooga was in Union control
Cleared way for an invasion of GA