1. CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 Union vs. Confederate

2. CAUSES FOR THE WAR Slavery Economic development State rights vs. federal government

4. Choosing sides The North and South were like two separate countries The Civil War was fought between 23 Union states and 11 states of the new Confederacy

5. The MILITARY General Ulysses S. Grant lead the Northern troops (also called Union soldiers, Federals, or Yankees). Southern troops were under the direction of Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson. They were also called the Confederates or Rebels.

6. President Abraham Lincoln told his civil and military leaders, "See what a lot of land these fellows hold, of which Vicksburg is the key! The war can never be brought to a close until that key is in our pocket....”

7. BATTLE OF VICKSBURG Critical turning point in U.S. history After Southern states secede, Confederate Forces closed River posing a threat to the North Grant plans to regain control of the Mississippi River Vicksburg: valuable land, ideal city to siege, strategic bend in the Mississippi River

8. GRANT’S PLAN TO CAPTURE VICKSBURG After many attempts to capture Vicksburg, General Grant decided to attack Port Hudson and then march overland to Vicksburg Grant tried to confuse Lt. Pemberton by diverting troops Grant’s plan was a long bitter struggle with many casualties This plan to attack failed and Grant ordered a siege on the City All supplies into the City were cut off The siege lasted 47 days Pemberton surrendered and the North gained control of the River

9. REFERENCES TO THE CIVIL WAR AND THE MIRACLE WORKER BY William Gibson Captain Keller was a captain in the Confederate Army during the Civil War Captain and James discuss the war at the breakfast table Captain and James disagree how they lost the war They have a spirited discussion over General Ulysses S. Grant’s abilities

10. TWO LEADERS General Ulysses S. Grant  Major General of Union troops  From the North  Leader of the Vicksburg Campaign  Fighting General prepared to win  Ruthless determination  Bold military maneuvers Miss Annie Sullivan  Teacher and disciplinarian  From the North  Hired to teach Helen Keller  Impertinent teacher prepared to win  Ruthless determination  Bold teaching methods

11. THE BREAKFAST SCENE Helen is undisciplined and misbehaves Tension grows between Captain Keller and James about the war Annie takes control and ushers everyone out of the room Annie and Helen have a physical brawl Annie physically restrains Helen and forces her to do her will

12. OUTLINE OF WAR Civil War  Campaign  Siege  Defense Helen Keller  Teach Helen manners  Disciplinary action  Communication