1. The Civil War Ends
PPT 4
Unit 5
SSUSH 9

2. First Battle of Bull Run
Reinforcements with Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson arrived

3. First Battle of Bull Run
Northern general McDowell ordered a retreat that turned into a panic
Loss for the North

4. Lincoln’s Response Need for a large, well-trained army
Signed bill for 500,000 soldiers

5. Northern Blockade Spring 1862
Sealed off every major southern port along the Atlantic Coast

6. Ulysses S. Grant Control of the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers
Victories gave Union water passages deep into the South

7. Antietam Lee decided to invade Maryland Sept. 1862
Bloodiest one-day battle in American history

8. Antietam 6000 killed 16,000 wounded
Crucial victory for the North when Lee retreated to Virginia

9. The North and Slavery Growing casualties
Began to support an end to slavery as a way to punish the South and give a continued reason for fighting

10. Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln announced a decree that would free all enslaved persons in states still in rebellion after January 1, 1863

11. Quote, Union officer
“We were no longer merely the soldiers of a political controversy. We were now the missionaries of a great work of redemption, the armed liberators of millions.”

12. Vicksburg Mississippi
Last Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River
General Grant – Union commander

13. Vicksburg Siege
May 1863 – Grant drove all Confederate troops into Vicksburg
Siege until July – southern commander surrendered

14. Vicksburg Seige
"What is to become of all the living things in this place...shut up as in a trap...God only knows.“ - unidentified Vicksburg resident

15. Gettysburg
July 1863
Lee decided to launch an invasion into the North – Pennsylvania

16. Gettysburg Confederate defeat
Lee lost 28,000 men (one-third of his force)
Lee retreated to Virginia

20. Gettysburg

21. Gettysburg

22. Gettysburg Address Nov. 1863
Lincoln came to dedicate part of Gettysburg as a military cemetery
The war was a fight for freedom

23. Gettysburg Address
“[This nation was] conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal From these honored dead we take increased devotion to the cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that the government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

24. Ulysses Grant
Western victories convinced Lincoln to give him command of all Union forces
March 1864

25. Life During the War

26. Southern Economy Few financial resources, little industry
Collapse of the transportation system
Severe food shortages during the winters

27. North’s Economy Economic boom
Growth of industries (clothes, ammunition)
Farming technology = better yields

28. African Americans Permitted to enlist in the Union army and navy
54th Massachusetts – African American regiment

29. Quote, Frederick Douglass
“Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters U.S.; let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pocket, and there is no power on earth which can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship.”

30. Medicine Large numbers of casualties
No understanding of infectious germs
Unsterilized instruments

31. Medicine Many regiments lost half to disease and illness, not battle
Smallpox, dysentery, typhoid
Amputations

32. Quote, Military Officer
“As a wounded man was lifted on the table, often shrieking with pain The surgeon quickly examined the wound and resolved upon cutting off the wounded limb. Some ether was administered The surgeon snatched the knife from between his teeth, where it had been while his hands were busy, wiped it rapidly once or twice across his blood-stained apron, and the cutting began. The operation accomplished, the surgeon would look around with a deep sigh, and then – ‘Next’!”

33. Military Prisons
No exchange of prisoners after the Emancipation Proclamation
Poor conditions, little food in the South

34. Andersonville Located in Georgia 13,000 out of 45,000 prisoners died
Henry Wirz – commander, executed for war crimes after the war

35. The War Ends

36. Grant’s Plan
Put William Tecumseh Sherman in charge of western armies

37. Fall of Atlanta
August 1864
Sherman moved south of Atlanta to cut the rail lines

38. Burning of Atlanta

39. Quote, Sherman
“I could cut a swath to the sea and divide the Confederacy in two. [It will be] a demonstration to the world that we have a power that Davis cannot resist. I can make the march, and make Georgia howl!”

40. March to the Sea War against military and civilians
Swept through Georgia and South Carolina
Nov. – Dec. 1864

42. Quote, South Carolinian
“All is gloom, despondency and inactivity. Our army is demoralized and the people panic stricken to fight longer seems madness.”

43. Election of 1864 Lincoln (Republican) George McClellan (Democrat)
Victory for Lincoln

44. Thirteenth Amendment
Jan. 31, 1865
Banned slavery in the United States

45. Appomattox Courthouse
Lee blocked by Sheridan’s cavalry
The South surrendered on April 9, 1865

46. Lincoln’s Plan for Re-Union
Lincoln outlined how to bring the South back into the Union
Determined to include African Americans in southern governments

47. John Wilkes Booth April 14, 1865 Ford’s Theater
Booth quietly shot Lincoln in the back of the head