1. The Rest of the Week Today: Shifting Tides CN: HW: Q & S Tomorrow: Gettysburg: Video Friday: Vicksburg Reading/ Quiz

2. 1863: Shifting Tides EQ: When did the course of the war shift in favor of the Union?

3. Shifting Tides DateBattle NameWinner Sept 17, 1862Antietam a.k.a. Sharpsburg, MD April 12-13, 1861Attack on Fort Sumter, SC April 30-May 6, 1863Chancellorsville, VA Feb 6-16,1862Fort Henry/Fort Donelson, TN Dec 13, 1862Fredericksburg, VA July 1-3, 1863Gettysburg, PA March-June, 1862Jackson’s Valley Campaign, VA July 21, 1861First Manassas a.k.a. Bull Run, VA August 28-30, 1862Second Manassas a.k.a. Second Bull Run, VA Oct 8, 1862Perryville, KY April 6-7, 1862Shiloh a.k.a. Pittsburg Landing, TN May 18 – July 4 1863Siege of Vicksburg, MS Dec 31, 1862-Jan 2, 1863Stones River a.k.a. Murfreesboro, TN At the top of your Timeline and Map Worksheet is a chart listing the battles including their location and date.

4. 18611863 Activity Place the events on the timeline in chronological order.

5. On the other side of your worksheet is a map showing the battles on your chart.

6. Each note card contains the following: Name of the Battle Date of the Battle A Summary of the Battle Battle Casualties The Victor Activity: Shifting Tides

7. Each team will come to the front of the room in chronological order. 1.One member of the team will describe where it is on the map. 2.When the image of the battle is shown, the other member of the team will read the fact sheet. Activity: Shifting Tides

8. Students in the audience: 1.Will locate the battle on their own map. 2.Depending on who won, draw a blue or grey star in that location. 3.Write the date of the battle. 4.On your chart on write down the winner, in the “winner” column. 5.When the map is complete, tally the victories for each side.

9. Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 Significance: Starts the Civil War

10. First Manassas (Bull Run) July 21, 1861 Significance: First major battle; ends hope of quick victory!

11. Forts Henry and Donelson Feb. 1862

12. On the other side of your worksheet is a map showing the battles on your chart.

13. Stonewall Jackson’s Valley Campaign March-June 1862 Image courtesy of Harper’s Weekly

14. On the other side of your worksheet is a map showing the battles on your chart.

15. Shiloh April 6-7, 1862

16. On the other side of your worksheet is a map showing the battles on your chart.

17. Second Manassas (Second Bull Run) August 28-30, 1862 Significance: Lee decides to invade the North

18. On the other side of your worksheet is a map showing the battles on your chart.

19. Antietam (Sharpsburg) Sept 17, 1862 Significance: Bloodiest Single Day in American history, 23,000 casualties

20. On the other side of your worksheet is a map showing the battles on your chart.

22. Perryville Oct. 8, 1862

23. On the other side of your worksheet is a map showing the battles on your chart.

24. Fredericksburg December 13, 1862

25. On the other side of your worksheet is a map showing the battles on your chart.

26. Stones River (Murfreesboro)\ Dec. 31-Jan 2 1863

27. Chancellorsville April 30 –May 6 1863

28. Let’s take a moment to look at our maps and timeline. Where are most of the Confederate victories? Where are most of the United States’ victories? Answer these questions in your NOTES. 1. Battle Trends

29. 2. Why was the Eastern Theater more important? Even though there were more Union victories in the west, many people placed more importance on the east because that is where the capitals of the United States and the Confederate States were located.

30. 2. Summer of 1863: The West Grant ‘s troops have surrounded Vicksburg which controlled access to the Mississippi River. A loss at Vicksburg would mean that the Confederate territory would be cut in half, making it difficult to send supplies or communicate with Confederate states

31. Vicksburg

32. Vicksburg May 18-July 4 1863

33. 3. Vicksburg After 47 days of bombardment Pemberton surrendered Vicksburg to Grant on July 4, 1863.

34. Confederate forces under General Robert E. Lee invaded the northern state of Pennsylvania July 1-3, 1863 4. Summer 1863: The East

36. Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863

37. Reasons Lee Invaded Gettysburg 1.To Relieve Pressure on Vicksburg & to disrupt the Union’s ability to attack the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia 2.To win a decisive victory on Northern soil in the hopes of bringing the Civil War to a close

38. Gettysburg On July 1 st, 1863 Union forces clashed with Lee’s Army

39. After three days of fighting July 1-3, 1863… After three days of fighting July 1-3, 1863… Image courtesy Library of Congress

40. … and 51,000 casualties killed, wounded, or missing Image courtesy Library of Congress

41. 5. The Aftermath For the Union Increased the morale The Union is now WINNING! Many people now felt that the war might be won. For the Confederate States Decreased the morale Confederates are now strictly on DEFENSE

42. The Aftermath Music was played and speeches were made, but the most significant speech, lasting approximately two minutes, was made by President Abraham Lincoln.

43. Activity Let’s read the Gettysburg Address together. The Aftermath

44. Discussion 1.“Four score and seven years ago” refers to what year? 2.What happened in United States’ history during that year? 3.For what cause(s) did President Lincoln believe the United States’ soldiers were fighting during the American Civil War? 4.How can the nation make sure that free governments (democracies) “shall not perish from the earth?” 5.What did the American people have to do to make sure that the United States’ soldiers who were killed in the War had not died “in vain?” 6.What do you think Lincoln means by the phrase “…government of the people, by the people, for the people…?”