1. SAFETY OF TRAFFIC COMPARED TO OTHER HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN FINLAND 1997-99 Otto Kärki and Kirsi Pajunen Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)

2. Acknowledgements to Finnish National Road Administration (Finnra) for commissioning the project

3. VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT 2002 15.9.2002 Kirsi Pajunen3 Definitions used Railway traffic includes train traffic, shunting and traffic following from railway work (e.g. maintenance) Train traffic includes traffic by person and freight trains

4. VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT 2002 15.9.2002 Kirsi Pajunen4 Methods used Risk measure: Fatalities/100 million person-hours Risk measure in traffic: Fatalities/100 million person-kilometres Why fatalities as the risk measure? Definition of an injured person vary considerably Fatalities covered nearly 100 per cent in statistics

5. VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT 2002 15.9.2002 Kirsi Pajunen5 Definitions of injury Rail traffic Seriously injured person: as a consequence sick leave for at least 14 days Road traffic Injured person: a person who has not died but has injuries that need medical care or monitoring at the hospital, care at home (sick leave) or operative care e.g. stitches; if only bruises or scratches and no medical treatment, no injury Work Serious injury: as a consequence sick leave for at least a month

6. VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT 2002 15.9.2002 Kirsi Pajunen6 Safety of traffic compared to other human activities

7. VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT 2002 15.9.2002 Kirsi Pajunen7 Risk comparison 1997-99 Fatality risk in traffic 13 times that of work Fatality risk in train traffic 5 times that of work Fatality risk at home (awake) 1.5 times that of work Fatality risk at leisure outside home 10 times that of work

8. VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT 2002 15.9.2002 Kirsi Pajunen8 Comparison of safety between traffic modes in Finland

9. VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT 2002 15.9.2002 Kirsi Pajunen9 Fatality risk of different traffic modes in Finland and in EU

10. VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT 2002 15.9.2002 Kirsi Pajunen10 Fatality risk in train traffic Fatalities / 100 million person km 1997 - 1999 Passengers and personnel 0.14 Includes one derailment with 10 fatalities Other fatalities (trespassers, level crossings, no suicides) 0.46 Total 0.60 1988 - 1990 Passengers and personnel 0.11 No major accidents Other fatalities 0.72 Total 0.84

11. VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT 2002 15.9.2002 Kirsi Pajunen11 Safety in working life

12. VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT 2002 15.9.2002 Kirsi Pajunen12 Fatality risks caused to other transport modes on public roads

13. VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT 2002 15.9.2002 Kirsi Pajunen13 Fatality risks according to gender

14. VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT 2002 15.9.2002 Kirsi Pajunen14 Fatality risks according to gender Fatality risk for males 1.6 times that of females in road traffic Fatality risk for males more than double in leisure compared to risk for females

15. VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT 2002 15.9.2002 Kirsi Pajunen15 Lost life time in road traffic accidents per time spent in traffic

16. VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT 2002 15.9.2002 Kirsi Pajunen16 Lost life time in road traffic accidents per kilometres travelled

17. VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT 2002 15.9.2002 Kirsi Pajunen17 Conclusions Safety of traffic and work increased, safety of leisure decreased slightly Fatality risk in traffic still higher compared to work and leisure Fatality risk of train traffic clearly lower than in road traffic

18. VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT 2002 15.9.2002 Kirsi Pajunen18 Conclusions (continued) Fatality risks for males much higher compared to females at leisure and in traffic Elderly people and novice drivers constitute high- risk groups in traffic

19. VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Copyright  VTT 2002 15.9.2002 Kirsi Pajunen19 Thank you for your attention! Nothing can stop automation