1. Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms
Kingdom Animalia
Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms

2. Sponges Assymetrical Freshwater or saltwater Sessile – do not move
Filter feeders
No Nervous System
Multicellular organization (no true tissues yet)

3. Other Sponge Facts:
Sponges can regenerate – replace lost body parts through mitotic cell division.
Economic Importance:
Commercial sponge harvesting for personal care industry.

5. Sponge Reproduction: Asexually – fragmentation or budding
Sexually – sponges are hermaphrodites
External fertilization
Internal fertilization - eggs remain inside parent sponge’s body.

6. Cnidarians – Stinging Animals
Radial Symmetry
Mostly saltwater
Corals
Jellyfish
Sea anemones
Hydra

8. Cnidarian Movement POLYP is sessile – does not move
MEDUSA is motile – squeezes bell (umbrella) to move
uses simple ring of contractile tissue (not muscle tissue yet)

9. Feeding Use tentacles to capture food.
Tentacles have NEMATOCYSTS – stinging cells that grab and immobilize prey using toxins.
Waste products and undigested materials are expelled through the mouth.

10. Organization Nerve net – conducts impulses from all parts of the body.
No brain.
Two layers of tissues derived from endoderm and ectoderm

11. Cnidarian Reproduction
Asexually – budding (polyp form)
Sexually –have separate male and female medusae that produce gametes that join through external fertilization to produce polyps.

13. Flatworms - Platyhelminthes
Bilateral Symmetry 
Free-living in freshwater or parasitic in a host
Has all three layers (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm)
Acoelomate – no body cavity.

14. An Important Group Many nasty parasitic infections. Dugesia Tapeworms
Flukes

16. Flatworm Feeding Free living flatworms are scavengers.
Parasitic flatworms use specialized structures (usually with hooks) to attach to a host.

17. Respiration & Excretion
Excretion - Flame cells remove excess water
Respiration - Oxygen diffuses into body cells directly.

18. Flatworm Nervous Systems
First appearance of cephalization.
Primitive brain.
Eyespots

19. Flatworm Reproduction
Sexually - Hermaphrodites – internal fertilzation.
Asexually – fission – when damaged, regenerates new body parts.
Proglottids – found in tapeworms – each is shed off individually.

20. Roundworms - Nematoda Bilateral Symmetry
Free-living in soil or parasitic in a host
Pseudoomate – false body cavity.
Movement - Longitutdinal muscles produce a thrashing movement

21. Respiration & Excretion
Respiration - Oxygen diffuses into body cells.
Digestive wastes are excreted through the anus.
Flame cells remove excess water through pores in body surface.

22. Roundworm Feeding Have a simple digestive system.
Have a mouth and an anus
Parasitic roundworms use specialized structures (usually with hooks) to attach to a host.

23. An Important Group
Many nasty parasitic infections in humans, livestock
Importance and IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL PEST
Pinworms, Ascaris, hookworms, Trichinella