1. Stress and Work Frequently, people define themselves based on what they do for a living. Work can be both fulfilling and a major source of stress.

2. Occupational Stress Model Work-related Stressors Individual Characteristics Extra-organizational sources of Stress

3. Work-Related Stressors (1) Job Characteristics –Poor physical work conditions –Work overload –Time pressures –Physical dangers Role in Organization –Role ambiguity –Role conflict –Responsibility for people –Conflicts in work boundaries

4. Work-Related Stressors (2) Career Development –Over-promotion –Under-promotion –Lack of Job Security –Thwarted ambitions Relationships at Work –Poor relationships –Difficulties delegating responsibilities Organizational Structure –Little or no participation in decision making –Office politics

5. Individual Stressors Level of anxiety Level of Neuroticism –irrational thoughts –personality factors Tolerance for Ambiguity Type A Behavior Pattern

6. Extra-Organizational Stressors Family Problems Personal Health Issues Life Crises Financial Difficulties

7. Symptoms of Occupational Ill Health High Blood Pressure Cholesterol Level Smoking Depressive Mood Escapist Drinking Job Dissatisfaction Reduced Aspirations

8. Characteristics of the Workaholic 1. Tend to be intense and energetic 2. Sleep less than most people 3. Have difficulty taking vacations 4. Spend most of their waking hours working 5. Prefer work to play 6. Frequently eat while they work 7. Can do work everywhere and anywhere

9. Tips for Workaholics Focus on the work you love, delegate….. Ask your self “What work would I do for free?” Use your time; Don’t let it use you. Build friendships at work. Schedule open time in your work life. Learn to say no. Create a work environment that pleases you. Stay in-touch with the positive aspects of your work.

10. Burnout “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy” Jack Torrence Too much work or frequent frustration at work can lead to a syndrome of emotional and physical exhaustion called Burnout.

11. Are Your Burned Out? Diminished sense of humor Skipping rest and food breaks Increased overtime and no vacations Increased physical complaints Social Withdrawal Changed job performance Self-medication Internal changes (personality)

12. Burnout Syndrome Stage 1: (The honeymoon) individual is initially satisfied and enthusiastic with job, however task become un-enjoyable and worker loses energy. Stage 2: (Fuel shortage) constant fatigue sets in, difficulty sleeping; self-medication Stage 3: (chronic symptoms) overwork leads to physical illness, constant fatigue, depression, anger

13. Burnout Syndrome (2) Stage 4: (crisis) increased physical illness; worker takes sick time; relationships suffer at home; pessimism and self-doubt sets in. Stage 5: (hitting the wall) physical and psychological problems cause life threatening illnesses; worker has so many problems at work that their career is threatened.

14. Beating Burnout What are working for? - List all of the material and abstract motivators for your work What do you want to do? - List all of the things your really enjoy doing, rank them, and list the last time you did them. Create a support group. Start a psychological care program. Start physical care program. Do something silly every day.