1. Properties of matter

2. General Properties of Matter
Matter is anything that has mass and volume
Everything is made of matter

3. What are properties?
Characteristics used to describe an object
Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture,hardness
video

4. General Properties of matter
Mass, weight, volume, and density
Properties are used to identify a substance

5. What is mass?
Mass is the amount of matter in an object
Mass is constant
Mass is also the measure of inertia

6. What is inertia?
Inertia is the resistance of an object to changes in its motion
The more mass the greater the inertia

7. Questions
How is mass related to inertia?
Why are properties of an object important?

8. Force and inertia
When an object is at rest, a force is needed to overcome the inertia to make it move and to stop the object’s motion

9. Question
Which object has more inertia, an empty wagon or one loaded with rocks? Why?

10. What does a seatbelt do for a passenger when a car stops suddenly?
Question
What does a seatbelt do for a passenger when a car stops suddenly?

11. Question
Why would the passenger move forward without the restraining force of the belt?

12. What would stop a passenger if the seatbelt were not in place?
Question
What would stop a passenger if the seatbelt were not in place?

13. Question
What other safety features are present in a car in response to a person’s inertia in a moving vehicle?

14. Weight The measure of the force of gravity on the mass of an object
Weight changes with gravity
The metric unit for weight is a Newton (N)

15. Weight formula 1 kg = 2.2 pounds
Weight is mass times gravity (9.8 m/s2)
W= m x g
What is your mass?
What is your weight in Newtons?

16. What is gravity? The force of attraction between objects is gravity
All objects exert a gravitational force on each other

17. Question
Why can’t you feel the attraction between you and other objects the same way you are pulled toward Earth?

18. The greater the mass of an object the greater the gravitational force
Gravitational pull
The greater the mass of an object the greater the gravitational force

19. Question
Why can’t we feel the pull of gravity from Jupiter even though it is so massive?

20. What affects gravity?
The pull of gravity weakens as the distance between objects increases
gravity depends on mass and distance

21. Gravity
The further an object is from the center of the earth, the less the object will weigh

22. Question
Would you weigh less, more, or the same on top of Mount Everest?

23. Question
The moon is smaller than the earth. How would your weight be different on the moon?

24. Questions
What are three properties of matter related to mass?

25. What is density and how is it calculated?
Question
What is density and how is it calculated?

26. Density The density of water is 1.0 g/ml
Objects with densities greater than 1.0 will sink in water

27. Objects with densities less than 1.0 g/ml will float on water
Density
Objects with densities less than 1.0 g/ml will float on water

28. Ice
Ice floats therefore it is less dense than water
Ice mostly remains underwater with only a portion of it being exposed

29. Astronomy fact!
The planet Saturn has a density of less than 1.0 g/ml. If there was an ocean big enough to hold it, it would float!

30. Calculations
If 96.5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters, what is the density of gold?

31. Calculation
If 96.5 g of aluminum has a volume of 35 cm3, what is the density of aluminum?

32. Calculation
If the density of a diamond is 3.5 g/cm3, what would be the mass of a diamond whose volume is 0.5 cm3?

33. What is specific gravity?
A comparison of the density of a substance and the density of water is specific gravity

34. Questions
How is density different from specific gravity?

35. What is a physical property?
Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

36. Phases of matter (video)
Four phases of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
solids have a definite shape and volume

37. Solid particle arrangement
Solids are tightly packed and the particles vibrate
Two types of solids are crystalline and amorphous

38. Types of solids
Crystalline solids are arranged in repeating patterns called crystals (salt, sugar)
Amorphous solids can lose their shape

39. Examples of amorphous solids
Tar, candle wax, glass
Shape changes under certain conditions (differences in temperature)

40. Liquid particle arrangement
Liquids have particles that are close together, but are free to move

41. Describe the shape of a liquid.
Question
Describe the shape of a liquid.

42. Liquids do not have a definite shape, but they have a definite volume
Describe a liquid
Liquids do not have a definite shape, but they have a definite volume

43. Question
What happens when one-liter of soda is poured into a four-liter container?

44. Properties of liquids
Liquids do not expand to fill the volume of a container
Liquids are characterized by their ability to flow

45. What is viscosity? The resistance of a liquid to flow
The difficulty of a liquid to flow easily
Honey, motor oil, corn syrup have a high viscosity

46. Behavior of liquids
Cohesion is the force of attraction between LIKE particles
Adhesion is the force of attraction between UNLIKE particles

47. Surface tension (video)
Tendency of particles to pull together at the surface of a liquid due to cohesion

48. Question
Describe the viscosity of a liquid.
Describe a liquid’s shape.

49. Questions
How is adhesion different from cohesion?
Explain surface tension.

50. Properties of gases
Gases do not have a definite shape or volume (video)
They fill all the available space in a container

51. Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter
Matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion

52. Question
How are solids, liquids, and gases different from one another?

53. Gas laws
Boyle’s and Charles’ law describe the behavior of gases with changes in temperature, pressure, and volume

54. Charles Law
Charles’ law describes a relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas (constant pressure)

55. Charles’ Law
As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of a gas increases
Heating air causes it to expand

56. How can you explain the fact that gas particles expand to fill space?
Question
How can you explain the fact that gas particles expand to fill space?

57. Pressure
The force that particles of a substance (gas/liquid) will apply over a certain area

58. Boyle’s Law
Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the volume and pressure of gases (constant temperature)

59. Boyle’s law
If the volume of a gas decreases, then the pressure of a gas increases (Boyle’s law)
The smaller the space a gas occupies, the more pressure

60. Plasma
Plasma (phase)
most common phase in the universe, dangerous, very high energy (found in stars)

61. Question
What are the four phases of matter?
Describe the plasma phase of matter.

62. Phase changes (video)
Phase changes in matter are melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation

63. What is a physical change?
Physical changes involve the changing of physical properties
Type of matter remains the same

64. Questions
Describe each of the five phase changes (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation).

65. Physical changes
Changing color, shape, phase, texture, hardness, odor would be a physical change

66. Melting video
Phase change from a solid to a liquid

67. Temperature in which a solid changes to a liquid
Melting point
Temperature in which a solid changes to a liquid
Physical property

68. Questions
How is melting different from freezing?

69. Phase changes (video)
Involve a change in volume, but mass remains constant
Adding or removing energy from matter results in phase changes

70. Phase change from a liquid to a gas
Vaporization
Phase change from a liquid to a gas

71. Boiling point (video) The temperature in which a liquid boils
Point at which a liquid changes to a gas

72. Phase change of a liquid to a solid
Freezing (video)
Phase change of a liquid to a solid
The temperature in which this occurs is the freezing point

73. Condensation
Condensation is the phase change from a gas to a liquid
Sublimation is a phase change from solid to a gas

74. Question
Describe a difference between condensation and vaporization.

75. Dry ice and iodine are examples solids that undergo sublimation
Sublimation examples
Dry ice and iodine are examples solids that undergo sublimation

76. Chemical properties
Describe how a substance changes into new substances are chemical properties
Ex: flammability

77. Chemical changes
The change of a substance into a new and different substance
Also known as a chemical reaction
video

78. Questions What is another name for a chemical change?
Describe sublimation.
How is a chemical change different from a physical change?