1. The Continuing Cold War Chapter 19, section 4

2. Setting the Scene 2nd Red Scare Americans are paranoid that anyone could be a Communist Spy! ANYONE!

3. Pete Seeger

4. Charlie Chaplin

5. W.E.B. Dubois

6. Burgess Meredith

7. The Cincinnati Reds!?!?

8. 1950 - McCarthy’s List 205 known Communists working for the US government –Actually people who had been investigated under Truman’s Loyalty Programs Used this list to catapult himself to fame (he was a nobody rookie senator before this)

9. Uses SMEAR TACTICS to intimidate his opponents Even went after George Marshall –“a conspiracy so immense and an infamy so black as to dwarf any previous venture in the history of man”

10. 1953 Reelected to the Senate –Made Chairman of the Senate Subcommittee to investigate Communist influence in the US Merely being accused by McCarthy’s committee ruins many careers and reputations

11. Many Senators were afraid to stand up to him for fear of being branded a “pinko” (communist sympathizer)

12. Margaret Chase Smith “Declaration of “Conscience” “Americanism is … The right to criticize; The right to hold unpopular beliefs; The right to protest; The right of independent thought. The exercise of these rights should not cost one single American citizen his reputation or his right to a livelihood nor should he be in danger of losing his reputation or livelihood merely because he happens to know someone who holds unpopular beliefs.”

13. 1954 McCarthy’s aid is drafted into the Army. McCarthy accuses the army of being “overrun with Communists”

14. Senate Sub- Committee votes to investigate the Army, Democrats ask to televise the hearings Americans are shocked to see McCarthy bully and intimidate witnesses

15. –McCarthy is exposed as a fraud and loses all credibility, and the Senate condemns him. McCarthy accuses the Senate of being Communists

16. Edward R. Murrow  Journalist who tried to expose McCarthy as a fraud on his program “See it Now”

17. Effects of McCarthyism The US went through an extensive period of suppression of free speech and open debate. ***IT WAS DANGEROUS TO HAVE A DISSENTING OPINION***

18. The Cold War in the 1950’s Many policy makers in Washington wanted to “roll back” Communism Eisenhower knew that open war with the Soviets could be devastating –East Germans (1954) –Poles (1956) –Hungarians (1956)

19. Ends the war in Korea Begins sending aid to France who is trying to hold on to on of their colonies, French Indochina

20. Middle East Creation of Israel and Palestine in 1948 are a major cause of tension in the Middle East Eisenhower struggles to keep OPEC nations from falling under Communist influence

21. Overthrow the temporary Iranian government; reinstate the pro- American Shah of Iran –Eisenhower Doctrine – Support any country in the Middle East that was attempting to resist the influence of Communism

22. Latin America We (CIA) overthrow the Guatemalan Government that was too radical for our tastes We invade Nicaragua and Honduras to help “prop up” two unpopular (but pro- American) leaders

23. Nuclear Bomb Yields Kiloton = 1000 tons of TNT Megaton = 100,000,000 tons of TNT Little Boy (Hirosima) = 13 Kilotons

24. “Davy Crockett” -.01 to 1 Kiloton

25. Castle Bravo – 15 Megatons 1,200 times more powerful than the atomic bombs which were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during WWII

26. The race heats up… 1953 – We test our first thermonuclear bomb 1954 – Soviets test their first thermonuclear bomb 1954 – We test 19 thermonuclear bombs

27. TSAR bomb 50 megatons

28. Mushroom cloud was 64 miles high Blast was felt in Finland Broke glass windows 1000 miles away Shockwave traveled the Earth 3 times

30. The US government believes in a policy of deterrence. We will become so strong, no one will attack us Brinksmanship – the ability to go the very edge of open war to achieve political goals ICBM’s – since we had much better planes to deliver our bombs, the Soviets began to develop missiles

31. Sputnik 1957 – Soviets use an ICBM to launch Sputnik. Americans realize that they now have the ability to launce a missile at the US from the USSR  U2 spy plane is shot down

32. Both Sputnik and the U2 incident show that we are lagging behind the soviets in military research. The U-2 Incident

33. Foreign policy Bay of Pigs Invasion –Castro takes Cuba, seizes U.S. properties, and cozies up to the USSR.

34. Bay of Pigs cont. JFK learns of CIA plan to overthrow Castro w/Cuban refugees Goes ahead with plan, but not fully

35. Bay of Pigs cont. Invasion is a DISASTER! Makes JFK and U.S. look BAD!

36. Berlin Crisis Moscow wants division of Berlin to be permanent. JFK/Khrushchev talks fail JFK bulks up the military BIG TIME!

37. Berlin Crisis cont. USSR responds by building the Wall almost overnight. Crisis ends with the wall JFK/U.S. stand up to the Soviets

38. “Ich bin ein Berliner!”

39. Cuban Missile Crisis Soviets want nukes in Cuba b/c of Bay of Pigs Invasion US spy plane sees them

40. Cuban Missile Crisis cont. JFK can (1)negotiate, (2)invade, (3)blockade, or (4)bomb the sites JFK chooses to “quarantine” Cuba

41. Story goes public, people are scared.

42. Results of the Cuban Missile Crisis Hotline Established Limited test ban Treaty Kennedy and the Democrats look much tougher on Communism

43. Peace Corps Established by JFK to put educators, health workers and technicians in third world countries.