1. Objectives Analysis tools for determining cost and cost- effectiveness

2. Cost energy efficiency and renewables What is the appropriate cost of energy? Huge variation nationally Depends on customer Depends on sector Energy Transmission Distribution Fuel

3. How much do you pay for electricity? 0.0177 $/kWh 0.0355 $/kWh 0.0532 $/kWh 0.1169 $/kWh Depends on how much I use Depends on what time of year

4. Rate (E01): Winter Billing Months November through April Summer Billing Months May through October Customer Charge $6.00 Energy Rate (E01) 3.55¢ per kWh, first 500 kWh 6.02¢ per kWh, for all kWh over 500 kWh 7.82¢ per kWh, over 500 kWh Fuel Adjustment Clause (FAC)Fuel Adjustment Clause (FAC) - plus an adjustment for variable costs, calculated according to the Fuel Adjustment Clause Tariff, multiplied by all kWh.adjustment

5. Primary Service (For Rates: E01, E02, E03, E04, E05, E06, E10, E13, E14, E23, ENW) January 1999 - July 2000$ 0.01372 August 2000 - October 2000$ 0.01635 November 2000 - January 2001$ 0.02211 February 2001 - December 2001$ 0.02682 January 2002 - June 2003$ 0.01774 July 2003 - October 2003$ 0.02004 November 1, 2003 - December 31, 2003 $ 0.02265 For electric bills received beginning January 1, 2004 $ 0.02796

6. Which state has the highest residential electricity rate? What determines this? Why are there large discrepancies? What are differences between utilities? What is deregulation?

7. Electricity Restructuring (Feb. 2003) http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/chg_str/regmap.htmlhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/chg_str/regmap.html (Feb. 2003)

8. What should you pay for electricity?pay for electricity http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/page/fact_sheets/retailprice.html

9. What should you pay for electricity? Is electricity cheaper or more expensive in Austin than in the rest of the world? 2002 numbers Nuclear ($0.10/kWh) Gas ($0.03/kWh) Coal ($0.05/kWh)

10. What about natural gas? How is natural gas sold? What does it cost? http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/natural_ga s/data_publications/natural_gas_monthly/curre nt/pdf/table_21.pdfhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/natural_ga s/data_publications/natural_gas_monthly/curre nt/pdf/table_21.pdf ~1000 BTU/ft 3 ft 3 = cf, ccf = 100 ccf = 1therm

11. What does gas cost in Austin? Austin $0.78/ccf (March 2003) Austin $1.82/ccf (March 2004) or $0.24/ccf Gas prices rose 43% February to March 2003 Gas market is heavily influenced by electricity market Gas market is more subject to manipulation

12. Question 1 How much cheaper is it to heat with a gas furnace than a electric resistance furnace? Other issues Fan (adds heat at electricity rate) Pilot light (0.2 therm/day) Safety Equipment cost Maintenance

13. Austin Energy Code Requirements Glazing percent of gross wall area:15%18%20%25% Exterior wallsR-13 Floors over unconditioned spaceR-11 R-13 Attics and knee wallsR-26R-30 Glazing U-factor (max)0.750.650.600.52

14. Question 2 What is the cost/benefit of insulating my house with R-19 instead of R-13? 1150 ft 2 of wall area 0.76 $/ft 2 for R-13 1.70 $/ft 2 for R-19 How much does the answer change if I had gas heat?

15. Question 2 Issues How do we figure out how much heat I need? Weather data (what is relevant data?) Bill analysis (statistics) Modeling/simulation

16. Question 3 ECJ 9.236 delamp from four 40W fluorescent tubes to two 34W tubes Cost/fixture is $100 Assume constant ballast factor What is cost/benefit?

17. Question 3 issues What is cost of electricity? http://www.austinenergy.com/rates/large- primary.htmlhttp://www.austinenergy.com/rates/large- primary.html How do you figure out savings from reduced cooling? How long are lights on? What other costs are important?

18. Question 4 How much does sealing and/or insulating heating and cooling ducts save? Cost varies considerably ~Small homes, $350/home We are interested in the system efficiency Overall impact of ducts

19. Duct System efficiency

20. Site T08, Eugene OR Efficiency went from ~ 40% to around 80% Electric resistance furnace Electricity was $0.05/kWh How would we figure out how much we would save?

21. Efficiency program evaluation Apply savings from a particular measure to a large number of buildings Assume statistical averages for population and building evaluation Can be significant deviation Almost always overpredict savings Need to measure savings

22. Reminder: Cost of renewables FuelCost US¢/kWh Solar30 Wave9 Biomass6 Wind5

23. How much does conservation cost? Who is paying for it? How long does a measure last? What else can you do with the money? How valuable is reducing pollution? What common myths are out there?common myths For duct sealing project shown above – cost was about 0.005 $/kWh

24. Savings Costs and benefits are tractable Often not obvious Require analysis and consideration of factors removed from actual issue Consider non-economic benefits LEED Cost per point debate