1. Magnetism

2. What is magnetism?
Force of attraction or repulsion due to electron arrangement
Magnetic forces are the strongest at the poles
Magnets have two poles: North and South

3. Magnetic poles and fields
Magnets always have two poles
If a magnet is cut it will still have two poles
Like magnetic poles repel
Unlike magnetic poles attract
A magnetic field is the area in which magnetic forces act

4. Questions What two forces are involved in magnetism?
Which subatomic particle accounts for magnetism?
Explain the interaction between magnetic poles when they are close together.

5. Magnetic materials
Natural magnets have naturally occurring magnetic properties ex: LODESTONE (magnetite)

6. Temporary magnets
Easy to magnetize
Lose their magnetism quickly
Ex: Soft iron

7. Permanent magnets
Hard to magnetize
Stay magnetized longer than temporary magnets
Ex: alnico (cobalt, nickel, aluminum)

8. Questions
How is a temporary magnet different from a permanent magnet?
Give an example of a natural magnet.

9. Earth’s magnetic properties
Gilbert was a scientist that showed that the Earth behaves as a magnet
The Earth’s magnetic field is strongest at the poles
Earth’s magnetic field is called the magnetosphere

10. Compasses Compasses are used to determine direction
Compass needles are magnetized and respond to the magnetic field of the Earth
Compasses point to the MAGNETIC POLES OF THE EARTH

11. Other sources of magnetism
Magnetic fields of the Earth and other planets are related to their cores
The sun is a source of a magnetic field

12. Questions Which scientist described the Earth’s magnetic properties?
Name the devices used to indicate geographic direction based on the Earth’s magnetic field.

13. Questions
What is the name of the Earth’s magnetic field?
Where is the Earth’s magnetic field the strongest?

14. Magnetic variation
Magnetic poles of the Earth are different from the geographic poles of the Earth

15. Magnetic Induction
Process by which materials can be magnetized

16. What affects magnetic properties?
Spinning electrons cause some metals to have magnetic properties
Magnetic domains are groups of arranged magnetic fields
Dropping,hammering or heating a magnet will cause a magnet to lose magnetic properties

17. Electromagnetism Discovered by Oersted (scientist)
Relationship between electricity and magnetism

18. Electromagnets Temporary magnets Magnetism can be turned on and off
Made by wrapping wire around a piece of iron and sending a current through the wire
Magnetic field is in the same direction as the electric current

19. Increasing the strength of electromagnets
Increasing the voltage or current
Increasing the number of loops of wire

20. Questions Explain magnetic variation. What is electromagnetism?
Who discovered electromagnetism?
Name two ways to increase the strength of an electromagnet.
What type of magnet is an electromagnet?

21. Electric motors vs. generators
Electric motors convert electricity to mechanical energy in order to do work
Generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy

22. Transformers Used to increase or decrease voltage
Made of primary and secondary coils
Two types of transformers:
“Step-up” (increase voltage)
“Step-down”(decrease voltage)

23. Questions How is a generator different from an electric motor?
Name two types of transformers.
How is a step-up transformer different from a step down transformer?
What are the two parts of a transformer?