1. © 2005, SWITCH ccTLD „.CH“ (Switzerland), part 2 Marcel Schneider Dipl. El. Ing. FH/STV/EUR-ING Manager Special Operations and International Relations WGIG-Workshop „National Internet Governance Models“

2. © 2005, SWITCH 2 SWITCH: The Foundation Switzerland’s academic and research network Established in October 1987 as a foundation of the private sector by the Swiss government (Federal Department of Home Affairs) and eight university cantons for the purpose of creating and maintaining Switzerland’s academic and research network Academic Services Domain Name Registration Two main departments: Academic Services and Domain Name Registration „CH“, „LI“ „POST“ Registry Involvements: „CH“, „LI“ and sTLD „POST“ „sleeping authority“ Policy for „LI“: Government assumes „sleeping authority“ governance model private law contract Policy for „POST“: Universal Postal Union, a UN organization, is negotiating sTLD private law contract with ICANN; SWITCH is subcontractor

3. © 2005, SWITCH 3 Governance Models and Registries There are different policy models: gTLD, sTLD, iTLD, ccTLD Pro: Competition, test beds Con: More difficult to understand Requirements: Transparency, guidance for users, information A registry is capable to support multiple policy models

4. © 2005, SWITCH 4 Focus on ccTLD „CH“: History Pre-1986: Tests at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETHZ) with pseudo TLD „CHUNET“ Other pseudo-TLD‘s: BITnet, UUCP Central host table for computers Ca. 1986: First DNS software available (BIND) Distributed, decentralized, hierarchical system May 1987: ETHZ asks IANA to assign „CH“ to ETHZ for testing purposes October 1987: SWITCH established, „CH“ transferred to SWITCH Since then: SWITCH admin and technical contact for „CH“

5. © 2005, SWITCH 5 1.1.1996: New Policy for CH and LI holdership Concept of holdership introduced: Holder is responsible No domain name owners Allowance for registrants to use domain name Private law contract with registrants Domain names are not sold; fee for storage, maintenance and publication (WHOIS, Name Servers in DNS) Hands-off, liberal policy by registry; new concept at that time (different to COM, NET, ORG, other ccTLD’s) stewardship Registry performs stewardship function for the Internet

6. © 2005, SWITCH 6 2003: Public Regulations for TLD „CH“ Federal Constitution (Art. 92 BV) Telecommunications Act (Art. 3 lit. f + Art. 28 TA) Decree on Addressing Elements (Art. 13 and 14 AEFV) Administrative Contract between OFCOM + SWITCH Administrative and Technical Regulations

7. © 2005, SWITCH 7 PPP: Shared Responsibilities (1) SWITCH Registry Swiss Government B2B B2C Peers Subcontractors Registrars Registrants National and international coordination and collaboration

8. © 2005, SWITCH 8 Shared Responsibilities (2) Well defined responsibilities.Government:  Represents LIC, ensures public policies  Collaboration: GAC, ITU, other governments, etc.Registry:  Performs registration services  Collaboration: CENTR, wwTLD, RIPE, WIPO, ICANN/IANA, IETF, CERT, ITU, registrars, outsourcing partners, other services (ENUM, AAI etc.)

9. © 2005, SWITCH 9 ADRP Requirement by OFCOM (Art. 14g AEFV) Cooperation of OFCOM, Federal Department of Justice, Swiss Intellectual Property Institute, WIPO and SWITCH Introduction 1.3.2004, since 1.4.2004 mandatory Mandatory (first ) phase: Mediation Voluntary (second) phase: Expert Determination (transfer, deletion or complaint denied)  violation of Intellectual Property Rights Languages: English, French, German, Italian Six decisions (as per 23.1.2005): five transfers, one complaint denied, two involving Internationalized Domain Names URL: http://arbiter.wipo.int/domains/cctld/ch/index.html

10. © 2005, SWITCH 10 Benefits of Public Involvement Delegation/re-delegation of registration authority locally handled (GAC Delegation Policies Art. 7.1) High standards on data security, data protection, privacy and dispute resolution (GAC DP Art. 9.1.5 and 9.1.6) Joint representation in international bodies (ICANN, partially ITU, WSIS, WIPO) Controlled pricing, intention: competition Joint actions and planning with regard to ICANN (ccNSO, Accountability Framework), GAC DP Art. 8

11. © 2005, SWITCH 11 Benefits from PPP (1) Continued innovation  Continued innovation  Guarantee that public interest is properly represented Capacity building, outreach activities SWITCH contacts TLD registries in developing countries to build capacities, training, know-how transfer, other support activities

12. © 2005, SWITCH 12 Benefits from PPP (2)  Stability and continuity  Credibility for registry  Transparency and competition  Shared responsibilities

13. © 2005, SWITCH 13 End Thank you!