1. AARHUS UNIVERSITY Agriculture and Nature Expert Panel Report to plenum Nick Hutchings 1 Milan, 11 May 2015

2. AARHUS UNIVERSITY Ammonia emissions from fertilisers Experiences from Germany (Helmut Döhler) New methodologies (Nick Hutchings + J Webb) Current Tier 2 emission factors for urea appear too high Methodology under development may lead to lower emission estimates for urea but : will require more activity data may overestimate emissions from non-urea fertilisers Need better data German lead? 2

3. AARHUS UNIVERSITY Indirect NO and N 2 O emissions Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from semi- natural ecosystems (e.g. forests) resulting from the deposition of nitrogen emitted from anthropogenic sources (e.g. agriculture, transport) Emission factors from agricultural land appear not to be valid for semi-natural ecosystems 3

4. AARHUS UNIVERSITY 4 N input EF N2O- N : 0.9 % EF NO-N : 0.6 % N input EF N2O- N : 3.7 % EF NO-N : 12.5 %

5. AARHUS UNIVERSITY Indirect NO and N 2 O emissions Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from semi- natural ecosystems (e.g. forests) resulting from the deposition of nitrogen emitted from anthropogenic sources (e.g. agriculture, transport) Emission factors from agricultural land appear not to be valid for semi-natural ecosystems Semi-natural ecosystems may be major sources However, data are scarce, so emission factors are uncertain 5

6. AARHUS UNIVERSITY Emissions of NO from agricultural soils Relatively few data on NO emissions A Tier 3 method may or may not be possible Riccardo-AEA will continue to discuss the matter with NO experts 6

7. AARHUS UNIVERSITY Emissions from biogas Ammonia emissions from biogas facilities Emissions from storage of feedstocks Emissions from storage of digestates (but not field application) Riccardo-AEA and Barbara Amon Need to revise methodology for emissions from manure management Maintain the N flow principle for ammonia and NO Barbara and Nick Will benefit from German experience 7

8. AARHUS UNIVERSITY Ammonia emission from crops Small emission per hectare, large uncertainty Large number of hectares Emissions theoretically related to N fertilisation & climate Few data Riccardo-AEA will discuss this with the modellers 8

9. AARHUS UNIVERSITY Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen Lisbon 29-30 April Expert Panel on Mitigation of Nitrogen Expert Panel on Nitrogen Budgets Expert Panel on Nitrogen and Food Nitrogen Use Efficiency at farm scale May be used as an indicator by food industry & EU Commission Cross-panel working group to study calculation methods 9

10. AARHUS UNIVERSITY Workplan 2015-2016  Produce new methodologies for fertiliser NH 3 emission  Discuss with modelling community:  Crop NH 3 emissions, NMVOC emissions, soil NOx emissions  Provide guidance on reporting emissions from biogas  Update Guidebook to take account of revised NFR codes  Continue and intensify the collaboration with TFRN (EPMAN/EPNB)  Assess need for methodologies for marine NH 3 emissions and indirect NO emissions.

11. AARHUS UNIVERSITY In search of a new home 11