1. Ecology Two

2. Community Interactions
Habitat- place where organism lives
Niche- role and position a species has in its needs for food and shelter
all interactions with living and non-living parts of its environment
Only one organism can occupy a niche in an ecosystem
Example: a predator feeding on weak or sick animals in an ecosystem

3. Habitat vs niche

4. Nutrition and Energy Flow
The ultimate source of energy is…
the SUN!

5. Nutrition and Energy Flow
Food Chains- shows how matter and energy flow from autotroph to heterotroph to decomposer
Autotroph/Producers use sun’s energy to create chemical compounds (photosynthesis)
Ex. – plants and algae
Carnivores/ 2nd and 3rd Order Consumers- feed on other animals
Herbivores/1st Order Consumers- feeds on plants
Heterotrophs/Consumers- organisms that feed on other organisms

6. Nutrition and Energy Flow
Decomposers- break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms
Ex.- fungi and bacteria

7. Food chain

8. Nutrition and Energy Flow
Food Webs- all possible feeding relationships in a community

9. Food Web

10. Nutrition and Energy Flow
Trophic Levels- a feeding step in a food chain
only pass on approximately 10% of energy to next trophic level

11. Nutrition and Energy Flow

12. Trophic level

13. Parts of the ecosystem
Abiotic factors- non-living parts of the environment
Ex.- air temp.,water, light, soil
Biotic factors- all living organisms that inhabit an environment

14. Abiotic and abiotic factors

15. Nutrition and Energy Flow
Energy flows through an ecosystem, cannot be recycled
Matter (Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen) cycles in an ecosystem

16. Cycles in an Ecosystem
Carbon
Cycle

17. Cycles in an Ecosystem Water Cycle

18. Changes in an Ecosystem
What would a football field look like in thirty years if it was not cared for or played on? ?

19. Changes in an Ecosystem
Succession- orderly, natural changes and species replacements that take place in the communities of an ecosystem

20. Primary Succession
colonization of a new site from rock; can occur after volcano eruption
Lichen & Mosses  ferns grasses & shrubs  pines hardwoods

21. Succession Begins with:
Pioneer plants- first organisms to inhabit an area
Ex. Moss and lichen
Ends with:
Climax community- remains stable over long periods of time with little or no change

22. Secondary Succession
sequences of changes that take place after a community is disrupted by natural or human actions.
Ex.- abandoned building, fire, hurricane

23. Succession Links Mount St Helen’s
Student project succession
Succession Song

24. Biomes of the World Tundra Taiga Temperate forest Tropical Rainforest
Biome- a large group of ecosystems that share the same type of climax community
Tundra
Taiga
Temperate forest
Tropical Rainforest
Grasslands
Desert

25. } Terrestrial Biomes 3 factors that influence type of biome Latitude
Sample Climatograph
3 factors that influence type of biome
Latitude
Altitude
precipitation }
Influences
temperature

26. Tundra Permafrost -soil remains permanently frozen
Long winters and darkness, Short summers
Low temperatures
Very little rainfall
Plants- fast life cycles
Animals-thick fur

27. Taiga Foggy, wet climate, acidic soil
Plants- large coniferous forest (firs, pines)
Flexible branches of conifers to bend with ice and snow
Animals- Moose, elk, wolves , caribou, porcupines, black bear

28. Temperate Forest has definite seasons
mixture of trees (pines and hardwoods-deciduous trees)
Plants- shed leaves in winter
Animals- Deer, opossum, black bear, fox, squirrel, many bird species and insects

29. Tropical Rainforest At equator almost constant temperature of 25 oC
most rain fall
very humid
greatest biodiversity
Soil is nutrient poor
Plants- large variety, adapted to grow tall to find light, vines, canopy
Animals-Toucans, monkeys, gorilla, snakes, lizards, parrots

30. Grasslands steppe, plains, savanna, or prairie Uneven rainfall
Plants- Scattered trees, grass varies in length
Animals-Bison, antelope, gophers, jackrabbits, sheep
African savanna- lion, tiger, elephant, cheetah, zebra, antelope

31. Desert low rainfall long droughts Plant
shallow root systems– absorb little rainfall quickly
leaves are needles to prevent water loss
Cuticle- waxy coating on needles (leaves)
Cacti
Animals- small, active at night to prevent dehydration
lizards, kangaroo rat, scorpions, snakes

32. Biome links http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuejxJttBqo&feature=related

33. PLANT RESPONSES & ADAPTATIONS:
Tropism: Plant’s response to its environment
Geotropism- Response to gravity; roots down, stems up
Phototropism- Response to light; sunflower “heads” turning toward sun
Thigmotropism- Response to touch; vine climbing trellis
Hydrotropism- the way a plant grows in response to water