1.  I will be able to explain the effects of altitude and temperature on the body during activity.

3.  Altitude of Toronto is 105 m above sea level  Altitude of Mt. Everest summit is 8848 m.

4.  The air is thinner at higher altitudes due to the lower air pressure.  As a result, the heart must work harder (beat faster) in order to meet the body’s oxygen demands.  Within 2-3 weeks of visiting an area of higher altitude, your kidneys will release the hormone erythropoietin (EPO), which triggers the production of red blood cells (RBC).

5.  Fit people are less likely to feel the effects of higher altitudes, however; competitive athletes will often invoke the “live high, train low” principle. (money often a factor in training)  If climbing a mountain it is recommended to go slowly to allow the body to assimilate to the conditions (about 300 m a day).

6.  Shortness of breath  Rapid breathing  Faster heart beat  Poor athletic performance  Easily fatigued  Headache, nausea, loss of appetite  Trouble Sleeping  Extreme symptoms include chest pain, severe headache and confusion which often require medical help.

7.  During exercise your body converts glucose into ATP to power your muscles which causes your body temperature to rise. As a result, blood moves closer to the surface of your skin and you sweat to reduce your internal body temperature.  During hot weather, more blood moves to the surface of your skin, therefore, your heart must beat faster to provide the blood and thus the energy necessary to your working muscles.  Hot humid days interfere with the sweating process and can result in dehydration, heat exhaustion and/or heat stroke.

8.  Weakness  Dizziness  Tiredness  Nausea  Headache  Sweating Stops  Body temperature goes up

9. 1. The Tour de France is an annual bicycle race held in France and neighboring countries. The Tour typically lasts 21 days and covers 3200 km of varying altitudes. This sport is plagued with blood doping scandals. Why do you think cyclists may be interested in blood doping? 2. The 1968 Olympic Summer Games were held in Mexico City which is approximately 2300m above sea level. The high altitude proved to be a performance reducer to endurance athletes but contributed to many record setting jumps, sprints, leaps, vaults and throws. Explain. 3. Why are many major marathon runs held in the spring and fall? Ensure you explain how heat effects the body during activity. 4. How does air pollution effect the body during activity?