1. Technological Literacy: A California Priority! Ethan B. Lipton, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Technology California State University, Los Angeles Integrating S cience, T echnology, E ngineering, and M athematics Education: Articulating A Vision and Opportunities for a California STEM Innovation and Learning Network The Hyatt Regency February 18-19, 2009 Sacramento, California

2. In the California News February 2009 Aviation authorities defend safety of turboprops (Sac. Bee) Aviation authorities defend safety of turboprops (Sac. Bee)... green automobiles are here now (SF Chronicle)... green automobiles are here now (SF Chronicle) Steam generator for nuclear plant (LA Times) Steam generator for nuclear plant (LA Times) Does termite killer worsen global warming? (OC Register) Does termite killer worsen global warming? (OC Register) Stimulus package to expand Net's reach (SF Chronicle) Stimulus package to expand Net's reach (SF Chronicle) SoCal Edison in 1,300 megawatt solar power deal (SF Chronicle) SoCal Edison in 1,300 megawatt solar power deal (SF Chronicle) Solar energy: Q & A with L.A. mayoral candidates (LA Times) Solar energy: Q & A with L.A. mayoral candidates (LA Times) Computerized medical records: stimulus or socialism? (Sac. Bee) Computerized medical records: stimulus or socialism? (Sac. Bee)

3. Narrow Conception of Technology Technology particularized –Computers and software –Web/Internet –Other tools and toys (PDAs, cell phones, GPS, DSL, etc.) 2002 ITEA/Gallup Poll –In open-ended response, 68% choose computer as first thing that comes to mind when word technology is mentioned –A distant second: electronics (4% of responses)

4. Broad Conception of Technology Technology generalized as the modification of nature to meet human needs/wants –Artifacts (i.e., the Great Engineering Achievements) –Knowledge and processes (e.g., engineering design) –Related infrastructure (e.g., for manufacturing, repair, maintenance) In this view, technology is tightly coupled to both science and engineering –Scientific research contributes to technology creation –Technology facilitates much of scientific research –Engineering uses scientific knowledge, among other inputs, to create or improve technology

5. Technology Education TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES Teaches about technology as a content area. Concerned with the broad spectrum of technology (How humans have designed and innovated in the natural world). Primary goal: Technological literacy for everyone. Educational Technology INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Teaches with technology (uses technology as a tool). Primarily concerned with the focused spectrum of information and communication technologies. Primary goal: To enhance the teaching and learning process. WARNING Dont Confuse Technology Education (ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE, CONTENT) with Educational Technology (DELIVERY, TEACHING STRATEGIES)

6. Literacy English: the ability to read and write Numeracy: ability to reason with numbers and other mathematical concepts individuals scientific knowledge and use of that knowledge to identify questions, to acquire new knowledge, to explain scientific phenomena Science: individuals scientific knowledge and use of that knowledge to identify questions, to acquire new knowledge, to explain scientific phenomena

7. Technological Literacy The ability to use, manage, assess, and understand technology. Like literacy in reading, mathematics, science, or history, the goal of technological literacy is to provide people with the tools to participate intelligently and thoughtfully to participate intelligently and thoughtfully in the world around them.

8. What is Technological Literacy (TL)? A Three-Dimensional Model

9. Characteristics of a Technologically Literate Person * Knowledge: basic engineering concepts (e.g., systems, constraints, trade-offs), technology and history, design, risks asks questions, seeks information, participates in decision making Ways of Thinking and Acting: asks questions, seeks information, participates in decision making Capabilities: hands-on skills, identify simple problems and design solutions, apply basic math concepts (e.g., related to probability, scale) * Technically Speaking, 2001

10. Improved decision making about technological matters Improved decision making about technological matters –Personal (e.g., consumer choices) –Policy making (e.g., legislation and regulation) Increased citizenship participation (aka, democracy!) Increased citizenship participation (aka, democracy!) Support for a modern workforce Support for a modern workforce Enhancing social well-being Enhancing social well-being –Technological Literacy as a tool for adapting to change What are the benefits?

11. Standards for Technological Literacy: Content for the Study of Technology Published in 2000 by the International Technology Education Association (ITEA) Published in 2000 by the International Technology Education Association (ITEA) Reviewed by the National Academies Reviewed by the National Academies National Academy of Engineering (NAE)National Academy of Engineering (NAE) National Research Council (NRC)National Research Council (NRC) Modeled after NRC National Science Education Standards and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Benchmarks for Science Literacy Modeled after NRC National Science Education Standards and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Benchmarks for Science Literacy

12. Standards for Technological Literacy 20 Standards w/ Associated Benchmarks for the study of technology (as a content field)20 Standards w/ Associated Benchmarks for the study of technology (as a content field) 4 Grade Bands (K-2, 3-5, 6-8, 9-12)4 Grade Bands (K-2, 3-5, 6-8, 9-12) Developmentally AppropriateDevelopmentally Appropriate Serves as an integrator and reinforces for other learningServes as an integrator and reinforces for other learning 5 Areas5 Areas Nature of TechnologyNature of Technology Technology and SocietyTechnology and Society DesignDesign Abilities for a Technical WorldAbilities for a Technical World The Designed WorldThe Designed World

13. Technology Education in the U. S.* Over 25,000+ teachers reaching 2,500,000 students Represented by the International Technology Education Association 42 states use Standards for Technological Literacy (STL) at the state or local school district level 40 states include technology education in their state frameworks 12 States require the study of technology 11 states adopted STL as their own state standards 27 states have technology education curriculum guides 22 states use STL as part of their state curriculum guides * Dugger, W. E. (Sept. 2007). The Technology Teacher.

14. Also Worth Noting... Both the AAAS Benchmarks for Science Literacy and the National Science Education Standards suggest science literacy has a significant technological component

15. Why Technological Literacy Matters to Science and Science Education The study of technology provides context for learning in science and other subjectsThe study of technology provides context for learning in science and other subjects Preliminary data suggest integrated Science, Math, and Technology curricula bring up test scores in Science and Math Citizens who are TL will be more likely to understand and support scientific researchCitizens who are TL will be more likely to understand and support scientific research Scientists who are TL will be better able to anticipate and explain to the public the impact of their workScientists who are TL will be better able to anticipate and explain to the public the impact of their work

16. Existing California Resources Individual K-12 teachers, schools, school districtsIndividual K-12 teachers, schools, school districts Postsecondary EducationPostsecondary Education Californias Science, Math, Engineering and Technology Teacher Educators National Center for Engineering and Technology Education (NCETE)National Center for Engineering and Technology Education (NCETE) California Industrial and Technology Education Association (CITEA)California Industrial and Technology Education Association (CITEA)

17. Where does California go from here? Educate stakeholders about the importance of technological literacy Adopt state technological literacy standards for all students Implement strategies to include meaningful STEM learning experiences and technological literacy for all students Introduce engineering design and problem-solving strategies within curriculum Infuse technology and engineering learning experiences into math and science classes Infuse math and science concepts into technology courses Provide quality professional development to existing technology, math and science teachers (i.e., NCETE Model) – Candidates are available! Prepare new technology & teachersPrepare new technology & STEM teachers (i.e., CSULA Concept Pilot) Include assessment of technology standards in mandated state testingInclude assessment of technology standards in mandated state testing

18. California State University, Los Angeles STEM Teacher Concept * Single Subject Credential in Industrial and Technology Education (with knowledge of how to effectively integrate STEM learning) Complete the additional math and science courses required for supplementary authorizations in math and science FullyCredentialedSTEM teacher teacher += * M. Castillo, E. Lipton

19. For More Information: National Academy of Engineering (NAE) www.nae.edu/techlit National Center for Engineering and Technology Education (NCETE) www.ncete.org International Technology Education Association (ITEA) www.iteaconnect.org/ scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/ www.engineeringk12.org/ www.bscs.org California Industrial and Technology Education Association (CITEA) www.citea.org National Academy of Engineering (NAE) www.nae.edu/techlit National Center for Engineering and Technology Education (NCETE) www.ncete.org International Technology Education Association (ITEA) www.iteaconnect.org/ Journal of Technology Education scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/ American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Engineering K-12 Center www.engineeringk12.org/ Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS) www.bscs.org California Industrial and Technology Education Association (CITEA) www.citea.orgwww.nae.edu/techlit www.ncete.orgscholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/ www.citea.orgwww.nae.edu/techlit www.ncete.orgscholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/ www.citea.org

20. International Technology Education Association. (2002). Advancing Excellence in Technological Literacy: Student Assessment, Professional Development, and Program Standards. Reston, VA: International Technology Education Association. International Technology Education Association. (2000). Standards for Technological Literacy: Content for the Study of Technology. Reston, VA: International Technology Education Association. National Academy of Engineering. (2003). Frequently Asked Questions. New York: National Academy of Engineering. http://www.nae.edu/nae/naehome.nsf/weblinks/ NAEW-4NHME3?OpenDocument Lipton, E. & Scarcella, J. (2004, March.). Riverside, CA: California Industrial and Technology Education Annual Meeting. Pearson, G. (2004, Feb.). Seattle, WA: American Association for the Advancement of Science Annual Meeting. Pearson, G. & Young, T. (Eds.). (2002). Technically Speaking: Why All Americans Need to Know More About Technology. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Dugger, W. E. (2007, Sept.). The Status of technology Education in the United States. In The Technology Teacher. Reston, VA: International Technology Education Association. International Technology Education Association. (2002). Advancing Excellence in Technological Literacy: Student Assessment, Professional Development, and Program Standards. Reston, VA: International Technology Education Association. International Technology Education Association. (2000). Standards for Technological Literacy: Content for the Study of Technology. Reston, VA: International Technology Education Association. National Academy of Engineering. (2003). Frequently Asked Questions. New York: National Academy of Engineering. http://www.nae.edu/nae/naehome.nsf/weblinks/ NAEW-4NHME3?OpenDocument Lipton, E. & Scarcella, J. (2004, March.). The Future of Technology Education in California. Riverside, CA: California Industrial and Technology Education Annual Meeting. Pearson, G. (2004, Feb.). Technological Literacy: Its Not What You Think! Seattle, WA: American Association for the Advancement of Science Annual Meeting. Pearson, G. & Young, T. (Eds.). (2002). Technically Speaking: Why All Americans Need to Know More About Technology. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.http://www.nae.edu/nae/naehome.nsf/weblinks/ NAEW-4NHME3?OpenDocumenthttp://www.nae.edu/nae/naehome.nsf/weblinks/ NAEW-4NHME3?OpenDocument Selected References

21. Ethan B. Lipton, P H. D. P ROFESSOR D EPARTMENT OF T ECHNOLOGY (323) 343-4468 elipton@exchange.calstatela.edu www.calstatela.edu/faculty/elipton elipton@exchange.calstatela.edu www.calstatela.edu/faculty/elipton CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, LOS ANGELES College of Engineering, Computer Science, and Technology 5151 STATE UNIVERSITY DRIVE LOS ANGELES, CA 90032-8154