1. EUROPE TODAY SS6G9, SS6G10, SS6CG5

2. Essential Questions  How does the diversity of languages in Europe reflect its unique cultural characteristics?  What are the characteristics of the 3 major religions?  How does the European Union encourage voluntary trade among its members?  How do the factors of location, climate and natural resources impact trade in the European nation of the U.K., Russia, and Germany?

3. Governments Coachbook page 176 & 180  Constitutional Monarchy- A government ruled by a king or queen whose power is determined by the nation’s constitution and laws  Parliamentary System -The head of the government is the leader of the political party that has the most members in the parliament  Presidential System –The head of government is elected by the people.

4.  Dual System -Government with both a President and Prime Minister; has features of both the Parliamentary and Presidential systems  Federation –A union of states united by a central government.  Unitary –A system of government where the federal government retains power and delegates that power to the lower levels.  Confederation –A union of states…less binding than a federation. States retain their identity.

5.  Autocratic –Holds independent and absolute power.  Oligarchic –Few hold independent or absolute power.  Democratic –The people hold the power through a vote.  Representative Democracy –The people vote for representatives in their government.

6. Economies Coachbook pg 184 & 190  Market- An economy that operates by voluntary exchange in a free market and is not planned or controlled by a central authority; a capitalistic economy…Capitalism  Command- Economy in which supply and price are regulated or imposed by a central nonmarket authority; a communist economy…Communism  Mixed- Economy with both privately owned and government controlled business  Traditional- Economy dominated by old-fashioned techniques that are out of date (due to long-standing traditions); such as a agricultural-based economy…Trade or Barter

7. EUROPEAN CULTURE Cultural diversity exists when within a nation or region there are many differing races, ethnic groups, languages, and/or religions.

8. European Languages  German  Greek  Italian  French  English  Slavic- Ukrainian, and Russian  Spanish

9. Major Religions  Judaism  Christianity  Islam

10. Literacy Rate  Literacy is a person’s ability to read or write to an acceptable level.  It is a strong indicator of how successful a nation is.  The majority of European nations have literacy rates well above 90% with several at 100%.  Hungary’s literacy rate is 99% and it is considered an upper-middle- income country.  France’s literacy rate is 99%, and France possesses the fifth largest economy.  The majority of European nations with high literacy rate enjoy a strong economy too.

11. United Kingdom

12. Made up of four political regions:  England  Scotland  Wales  Northern Ireland  The capital is in London.

13. United Kingdom Government  Constitutional Monarchy  Queen Elizabeth  Parliamentary System  Prime Minister: David Cameron Economy  Mixed  Very industrialized economy  Major Religion-Protestant (mostly Anglican)

14. United Kingdom: Geography  Island nation- This has caused the need for a large navy to protect themselves over the years  Lack of natural resources and farmland- They have to import raw materials and food  Separated from France by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover

15. Germany

16. Germany: Government  Parliamentary government  Federal System of Government  Proportional representation  They have both a President and Chancellor, but only the Chancellor has a lot of power –A dual system

17. Germany: Economy  Mixed Economy  Very industrial economy  Major religions-Protestant/Catholic

18. Germany: Geography  Germany is located in central Europe south of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea.  Due to it’s location, they export iron, steel, coal, and cement.  They are members of the European Union.

19. Russia Federation

20. Russia Federation: Government and Economy  Constitution adopted December 1993  Presidential Republic –Dual system, the have a prime minister as well but the power is with the president.  Representative Democracy  Mixed Economy

21. Russia Federation: Geography  Russia is located east of Europe and North of China.  Russia is partly covered by Tundra due to their location near the North Pole.  Due to their large Taiga habitat they export timber, coal, and gas from the region.  They also export minerals from the Ural Mountains.  Due to the proximity of the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea, the Barents Sea and the Baltic Sea, most of Russia’s population lives West of the Ural Mountains.

22. Europe Today:  Currency- system of money  Euro- currency used by the European countries  Tariff- a fee paid on imported or exported goods; this makes them more expensive  Sovereignty- the right to govern yourself

23. European Union

24.  Union of 25 European countries  First formed in 1992 to encourage trade; it has gotten more powerful over the years  One currency-The Euro  U.K. does not use the Euro, but other countries do  This is used to make all goods cost the same  The E.U. is supposed to give more economic prosperity to Europe, but it takes sovereignty away from member countries  Also: language barriers are still around!

25.  It’s hard to get into the E.U.  Countries have to meet certain criteria to get in  Economic  Environmental  Human Rights  Environmental concerns  Air quality  Emissions  Climate change

26. Essential Questions  How does the diversity of languages in Europe reflect its unique cultural characteristics?  What are the characteristics of the 3 major religions?

27. Essential Questions  How does the European Union encourage voluntary trade among its members?  How do the factors of location, climate and natural resources impact trade in the European nation of the U.K., Russia, and Germany?