1. The Skeletal System: Bones, An Overview
Chapter 5a
**People who missed test need to make it up at lunch today. Get food and come in if you need**

2. Warm-Up 1. Name as many parts of the skeleton as you can think of.
2. Have you broken a bone or know someone who has? If so which one/s
- any gnarly bone breaks you had or know of?

4. The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system
Bones (skeleton)
Joints
Cartilages
Ligaments
Divided into two divisions
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
Slide 5.1
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5. Axial Skeleton: The head and trunk

6. Appendicular Skeleton: makes motion possible

7. Quick Quiz 1 of 3 Where is the Axial Skeleton Located?
What is the function of the Appendicular Skeleton?
Name the 4 parts of the skeleton

8. Functions of Bones Support of the body Protection of soft organs
Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
Storage of minerals and fats
Blood cell formation
Slide 5.2
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9. Bones of the Human Body The skeleton has 206 bones
Two basic types of bone tissue
Compact bone
Homogeneous
Spongy bone
Small needle-like pieces of bone
Many open spaces
Figure 5.2b
Slide 5.3
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10. Person with the best grades
- tell your table 2 functions of the skeletal system

11. Classification of Bones
Long bones
Typically longer than wide
Have a shaft with heads at both ends
Contain mostly compact bone
Ex: Femur, humerus
Slide 5.4a
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12. Classification of Bones
Short bones
Generally cube-shape
Contain mostly spongy bone
Ex: Carpals, tarsals
Slide 5.4b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

13. Classification of Bones
Flat bones
Thin and flattened
Usually curved
Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone
Ex: Skull, ribs, sternum
Slide 5.5a
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14. Classification of Bones
Irregular bones
Irregular shape
Do not fit into other bone classification categories
Ex: Vertebrae and hip
Slide 5.5b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

15. Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape
Figure 5.1
Slide 5.5c
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16. Quick Quiz 2 of 3 What kind of bone can be found in the skull?
Name a long bone.

17. Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone
Diaphysis
Shaft
Composed of compact bone
Epiphysis
Ends of the bone
Composed mostly of spongy bone
Figure 5.2a
Slide 5.6
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18. Structures of a Long Bone
Periosteum
Outside covering of the diaphysis
Fibrous connective tissue membrane
Sharpey’s fibers
Secure periosteum to underlying bone
Arteries
Supply bone cells with nutrients
Figure 5.2c
Slide 5.7
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19. Challenge Problem 1. Identify 2 long bones
2. Identify 3 bones in the appendicular skeleton
3. Describe where the axial skeleton is.
4. Identify 3 flat bones
5. What type of bone is the pelvis?

20. Structures of a Long Bone
Articular cartilage
Covers the external surface of the epiphyses
Made of hyaline cartilage
Decreases friction at joint surfaces
Figure 5.2a
Slide 5.8a
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21. Structures of a Long Bone
Medullary cavity
Cavity of the shaft
Contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults
Contains red marrow (for blood cell formation) in infants
Figure 5.2a
Slide 5.8b
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22. People closest to the windows
tell your table what we call the ends and shaft of long bones.

23. Turn in the worksheet from yesterday
1. In the medullary cavity, yellow marrow is mostly __ 2. If a person did not have red marrow, what would result? 3. Identify 3 bones in the appendicular skeleton 4. T/F- bones have arteries and veins inside them. 5. Check this out!

24. Bone Markings Surface features of bones
Sites of attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments
Passages for nerves and blood vessels
Categories of bone markings
Projections and processes – grow out from the bone surface
Depressions or cavities – indentations
Slide 5.9
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25. Microscopic Anatomy of Bone
Osteon (Haversian System)
A unit of bone
Central (Haversian) canal
Opening in the center of an osteon
Carries blood vessels and nerves
Perforating (Volkman’s) canal
Canal perpendicular to the central canal
Slide 5.10a
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26. Microscopic Anatomy of Bone
Figure 5.3
Slide 5.10b
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28. Microscopic Anatomy of Bone
Lacunae
Cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes)
Arranged in concentric rings
Lamellae
Rings around the central canal
Sites of lacunae
Figure 5.3
Slide 5.11a
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29. Microscopic Anatomy of Bone
Canaliculi
Tiny canals
Radiate from the central canal to lacunae
Form a transport system
Figure 5.3
Slide 5.11b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

30. Person wearing school colors
Tell your group members what happens when someone breaks a bone. Be as specific as possible.
Pretend you are a doctor.

31. Changes in the Human Skeleton
In embryos, the skeleton is primarily hyaline cartilage
During development, much of this cartilage is replaced by bone
Cartilage remains in isolated areas
Bridge of the nose
Parts of ribs
Joints
Slide 5.12
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32. Bone Growth Bones are remodeled and lengthened until growth stops
Bones change shape somewhat
Bones grow in width
Slide 5.13b
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33. Long Bone Formation and Growth
Figure 5.4a
Slide 5.14a
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34. Long Bone Formation and Growth
Figure 5.4b
Slide 5.14b
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35. Types of Bone Cells Osteocytes Osteoblasts Osteoclasts
Mature bone cells
Osteoblasts
Bone-forming cells
Osteoclasts
Bone-destroying cells
Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium
Bone remodeling is a process by both osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Slide 5.15
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

36. Osteocyte

37. Quick Quiz 3 of 3 What is an Osteocyte?
What two types of bone cells are responsible for re-forming and growth?

38. Challenge Problem
1. The vertebrae are part of which division of the skeleton?
2. ___________ break down too much bone in old people.
3. If someone went to the hospital and severe arm pain, what might the problem be? Be specific
4. If a basketball player smashed her patella, where is her injury? Specifically?

39. Questions for Verbal Skeleton Quiz
You will need to be able to identify…
Names of bones
Divisions of the skeletal system
Types of bones
Example question:
Point to and identify an irregular bone