1. 23.3.2012 The Skeletal System GCSE Theory 1.2.5

2. In Today’s Lesson: Learning Objectives: Can I name the major bones of the body? Can I understand the main functions of the skeletal system?

3. Starter- What Bones Do You Know?

4. There are 206 bones in the human body - the larger bones are:

5. The Skeleton The skeleton is a rigid supporting framework of bones inside the body The skeleton can: grow in size. repair its own broken parts. lubricate its own joints. support internal organs.

6. Functions of the Skeleton There are three functions of the skeletal system: Movement Support Protection

7. Movement The different bones of the body meet to form a joint. These joints act as leavers to create movement. Muscles are attached to bones by tendons. As the muscles contract they pull on the bones to create movement around a joint. Sporting Examples??: The bones and joints work with muscles to enable us to walk, jog and sprint.

8. Support The body gets it shape and size from bones. The bones support different body positions The size of your bones can affect your height and body composition. Sporting Examples??: Gymnastic holds (handstand) The vertebrae support the head.

9. Protection The hard nature of bone means that the skeleton can protect the more delicate parts of the body. There are lots of delicate organs that need protection. Sporting Examples??: The cranium protects the brain The Ribs protect the heart and lungs

10. Activity Read through the article on Tom Daly. What other athletes or sports can you think of that use all three functions? Explain your answer.

11. Bone Components JOINTS: A joint is a place where two or more bones meet. CARTILAGE: Cartilage covers the ends of bones where the meet. It is a smooth surface which allows the bones to slide across each other reducing friction. It is also tough and a bit spongy to act as a shock absorber which helps cushion impacts around the joints.

12. Bone Components SYNOVIAL FLUID: Around joints there is synovial fluid to act as a lubricant - reduces friction LIGAMENTS: Ligaments are a tough fibre that attach bone to bone. These are to hold bones in place and stop joints moving in certain ways. They create stability around joints.

13. Questions 1.Why do our vital organs need protecting? (1 mark) 2.Name the three leg bones? (3 marks) 3.What bone protects the brain? (1 mark) 4.Where is a joint? (1 mark) 5.What does the cartilage help do? (1 mark) 6.Apart from movement, what are the other functions of the skeleton? (2 marks)