1. California Earthquakes Through an historical perspective

2. San Francisco Loma Prieta San Fernando Northridge Long Beach

3. 1933 Long Beach Earthquake March 10,1933, 5:54 PM Mw = 6.4 Right lateral slip along Newport-Inglewood Fault No surface rupture 120 fatalities 50 million dollars in damage

4. Newport- Inglewood Newport- Inglewood Fault

5. Franklin Junior High School 120 schools destoyed; 70 damaged

6. Collapse of unreinforced masonry structures

7. Pile of Bricks

8. Collapse of Unreinforced Masonry School 5 teachers killed Field Act passed Gave the state authority to supervise structures built for schools

9. 1971 San Fernando Earthquake February 9, 1971, 6:01 AM Thrust fault dipping to the north 12 miles of surface rupture Maximum displacement of 6 feet 65 fatalities 500 million dollars of damage

10. Location, San Fernando Valley

11. Cross-sections of the San Fernando and Northridge earthquakes. San Fernando Valley Earthquakes

12. Dam: end terminus of the Los Angeles water system; 80 % of LA’s water

13. Shaking caused landslide

14. 80,000 people below

15. House over Garage

16. Veterans Hospital

17. Olive-View Hospital (soft story collapse)

18. 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake October 17, 1989; 5:04 PM Mw = 6.9 Oblique movement on the San Andreas Fault Maximum offset of 3-4 feet ~ 25 miles of fault plane movement 15 seconds of shaking 6-10 billion dollars of damage

20. Earth Materials

21. The Northridge Earthquake January 17. 1994, 4:31 am Epicenter: 1 mile SW of Northridge Magnitude: Mw 6.7 Type of fault: blind thrust, the Pico Thrust Hypocenter: 18.4 km Deaths: 57 1500 seriously injured Cost: 15 billion dollars

22. The mountains are the surface expression of the fault. This fault was unknown before this earthquake. Northridge Earthquake

23. Collapse of Soft Story

24. Failure of Reinforced Concrete Structures

25. Rebuilt Olive-view Hospital

26. Success of retrofitted URM structures

27. Change in how earthquake insurance is distributed.