2. GLOBALIZATION Where Does Africa fit in? Yoruba drummers Erin-Osun, Nigeria (1997)

3. WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION? ACTIVATING YOUR COMMITMENTSACTIVATING YOUR COMMITMENTS CONNECTING ACROSS DIFFERENCECONNECTING ACROSS DIFFERENCE FORGING NEW RELATIONSHIPSFORGING NEW RELATIONSHIPS SPREAD OF PRODUCTION, COMMUNICATION, & TECHNOLOGIES ACROSS THE WORLDSPREAD OF PRODUCTION, COMMUNICATION, & TECHNOLOGIES ACROSS THE WORLD Increasing interconnections world-wide

4. Did you know 2.0 Did you know 2.0

5. DEBATES 1.Is globalization new or old? 2.Is globalization good or bad? 3.Is globalization really “global” or inclusive of all people? 4.What is the relationship between globalization “from above” and globalization “from below”?

6. 6 ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION 1.ECONOMIC 2.TECHNOLOGICAL 3.CULTURAL 4.POLITICAL 5.MILITARY 6.ENVIRONMENTAL THESE ASPECTS ARE INTERCONNECTED!

7. 1. ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION EARLY CAPITALIST IDEAS: 1. “Free Market Economy” (Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, 1776) Market is “free” from State control 2. Division of labor 3. Competition

8. ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION  Economies Are Increasingly Linked Together EXS: NAFTA (MX, CA, US), The EU  EX: World Trade Organization (1995) –Only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations –help producers of goods & services conduct their business

9. ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION EX: MULTI-NATIONAL CORPORATIONS  OLD: Dutch East India Company (1602)  company of Dutch merchants & independent trading companies  Spice trade monopoly in East Asia  Power to colonize territories & enslave indigenous people  Indonesia & South Africa

10. ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION  NEW: Nike, Wal-Mart, Royal/Dutch Shell  Top 100 multinationals are all US-owned companies!  Royal/Dutch Shell: global group of energy and petrochemical companies, operating in more than 140 countries and territories, employing more than 112,000 people  Global Exchange: www.globalexchange.org

11. Economic Globalization in AFRICA  Little Industry and Technology  Can economic globalization can help reduce poverty?  “Brain Drain”  Debt (IMF loans) AF countries can’t even pay back interest  300 million pple live on less than $1/day  48% pple in sub-Saharan AF in extreme poverty (less than 750 calories/day)  2001 Index for Foreign Investment in Africa was “0”  Gap between rich and poor increasing  2006: China & AF next economic partners?

12. 2. TECHNOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION “World Wide Web” has exploded in last 10 years“World Wide Web” has exploded in last 10 years Computers can move money around world = “finance capital”Computers can move money around world = “finance capital” 2005: IBM was 16 th largest corporation in world2005: IBM was 16 th largest corporation in worldAfrica  Number of telephones is decreasing  More computers in Manhattan than all of Africa!  Post-colonial infrastructures don’t support technology

13. 3. CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION McArabia Kofta 2005: Hong Kong Disneyland 5 th Disneyland in the world!

14. CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION  Cultural Imperialism = Dominance of one culture over others  Hollywood movies, MacDonald’s, Disneyland, Starbucks  Dominance of the English language and invasion of other languages  Do people all over the world have the same taste? Africa  “Culture Industry” = opportunities for Africans to sell their culture on a “global market” that values “authentic” culture

15. 4. POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION EX: The United Nations (1945): global association of governments facilitating cooperation in international law, security, economic development, and social equity Whose interests does the UN represent?Whose interests does the UN represent? The US and the UK were the only nations in support of going to war in IraqThe US and the UK were the only nations in support of going to war in Iraq Can a global politics with social values exist?Can a global politics with social values exist? Alternative political gatherings: Annual World Social Forums since 2001, The Piece Process @ Gavilan College in 2005!Alternative political gatherings: Annual World Social Forums since 2001, The Piece Process @ Gavilan College in 2005!

16. POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION South Africa Ex. 2001: US pharmaceutical corporations sued South African companies for infringing on AIDS medication patent laws2001: US pharmaceutical corporations sued South African companies for infringing on AIDS medication patent laws 2003: President Bush announced the Emergency Plan in 2003 - the largest international health initiative in history by one nation to address a single disease2003: President Bush announced the Emergency Plan in 2003 - the largest international health initiative in history by one nation to address a single disease HIV/AIDS Situation in 2004 HIV Infected: 5.3 million AIDS Deaths: 370,000 AIDS Orphans: 1.1 millionHIV/AIDS Situation in 2004 HIV Infected: 5.3 million AIDS Deaths: 370,000 AIDS Orphans: 1.1 million

17. 5. MILITARY GLOBALIZATION Nuclear Bombs F/A-22 Raptor

18. MILITARY GLOBALIZATION Smart Bombs Sidewinder Missiles

19. MILITARY GLOBALIZATION  Global alliances become clear during war time  Ex: Today’s US alliance with Britain in wars against Afghanistan and Iraq  What will happen with North Korea, Iran, & nuclear warfare? Africa  “Trade in Arms” = US sold $227 million in arms to AF in 1990s  US train and provide weapons for African armies on both sides of their civil wars  US = #1 exporter of weapons globally  US = last to export non-military aid to developing world

20. 6. ENVIRONMENTAL GLOBALIZATION  Human impact on environment = unsustainable  Carbon dioxide & other greenhouse gasses = measurable effect on global climate  Chlorofluorocarbons & other man-made gases = attacked & depleted ozone layer  Pesticides & other pollutants = global threat to human & nonhuman immune systems  Resource crisis = depletion of tropical forests, collapse of ocean fisheries, global impoverishment of biological diversity

21. 6. ENVIRONMENTAL GLOBALIZATION  Epidemic vulnerability = helped by global spread of antibiotic resistance  Global movements of invasive introduced species = major biological & economic impacts on Mediterranean, Black Sea, Great Lakes, grazing lands, forests, & other resources  How to escape environmental limits? No escape! Planet Earth is a closed system!

23. ENVIRONMENTAL GLOBALIZATION in AFRICA  OGONILAND, NIGERIA EX. –Niger-Delta region = 90% of Nigeria’s oil; 500,000 people; densely populated riverine land; fisher people and farmers –1950s = Royal Dutch Shell Oil set up agreement with British govt. to mine area for crude oil –SPDC = Shell Petroleum Development Corporation (NI subsidiary)

24. Ogoniland Ex. Cont. –poorly maintained network of above ground pipes, running directly through villages or farmland –routine spills of crude oil, Shell has repeatedly denied responsibility –Gas flares = spilled gas is burned for control; major air pollution & soot; CO2 & Methane severely impact global warming

25. Ogoni people Organized & Protested  1990 = MOSOP, Movement for Survival of Ogoni People led by Ken Saro-Wiwa  International support: UN AF Human Rights Commission; Intl. environ. & human rights organization; NGO’s  1993 = 300,000 pple demonstrated for UN Year of Indigenous People  1995 = S-W & 8 Ogoni activists hanged by Nigerian govt. to their deaths!

26. The Ogoni Struggle continues… You can kill the messenger but not the message! NIGER DELTA WOMEN PROTEST

27. Resisting Injustice, Demanding Change…

29. San Francisco, 2002

30. The Karnataka State Farmers' Movement (KRRS) burn genetically modified crops as part of the "Cremate Monsanto" campaign. Karnataka, India, 1998.

31. Zapatista women are vigilant in defending their community. Chiapas, Mexico

32. Palestinian women protest against the Israeli occupation and escalation of military aggression against civilians in the West Bank and Gaza. San Francisco, California, 2002.

33. UCSC Lecturers Protest Unfair Labor Practices, 2002

34. "You must be the change you wish to see in the world." - Mahatma Gandhi