1. Chapter 22 sec 3-5 Vietnam

2. War Draft Males = 18-26 Lottery System Manipulatable system Medical exemptions Change residents = draft board National Guard or coast guard Deferment from Vietnam College Working class war Minorities / Lower class Racial tensions

3. Protests 1965 = 20,000 March on Washington 1967 = ½ Million New York Central Park “Burn cards, not people” “Hell, no, we won’t go!” Burned draft cards 1970 = Nixon phases out draft

4. Protests Cont. 200,000 accused of draft offenses 4,000 imprisoned 10,000 Fled = Canada Muhammad Ali http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeFMyrWlZ68 Hawks v. Doves Protests acts of disloyalty?? 70% believed it to be Un-American

5. VIETNAM, CH 22 Section 4

6. 1968 Tet Lunar New Year (Jan 30) Truce War funerals Tet Offensive Vietcong launch attack on over 100 towns and 12 U.S. air bases Takes U.S. a month to regain control of towns 32,000 Vietcong die 3,000 U.S/ARVN die Shook American public 60% of Americans dissaproved Johnsons handling of war

7. Election of 1968/Democratic Party Eugene McCarthy Senator Runs on anti-war platform Robert Kennedy At first, isn’t going to run After McCarthy holds his own in primary against Johnson, Bobby changes his mind Hubert Humphrey Johnson’s Vice-President

8. Tragedy April 4, 1968 Martin Luther King assassinated June 5, 1968 Robert Kennedy assassinated

9. Presidential Election August 28, 1968 Protesters converge in Chicago at Democratic National Convention Nixon wins Republican candidacy Nixon wins the Presidential Election in November

10. NIXON AND VIETNAM Section 5

11. Vietnamization Henry Kissinger National Security Advisor to Nixon Vietnamization Gradual withdrawal of U.S. troops so the South Vietnamese could take on a more active combat role August, 1969, first 25,000 troops head home Over the next three years, less than 25,000 remain by 1971

12. The WAR continues Nixon wanted to maintain U.S. dignity during withdrawal He secretly ordered bombing of Laos and Cambodia Vietcong strongholds Silent Majority – Nixon’s belief that the moderate, mainstream Americans supported war Even as troops coming home from Vietnam, Nixon announces invasion of Cambodia

13. My LAI March 16, 1968 U.S. platoon under command of Lt. William Calley, Jr. ordered to “kill anything that breathed” Over 200 innocent women, children, elderly killed

14. Protests April 30, 1970 Nixon orders invasion of Cambodia To clear out VC College students burst out in protests Kent State University Protesters burn ROTC building National Guard fires on crowd 9 wounded, 4 killed Jackson State College 12 wounded, 2 killed http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyzoNCJvy 4c

15. Pentagon Papers Leaked by Dept. of Defense worker Daniel Ellsberg 7,000 documents that laid out the plans of U.S. entering Vietnam War They were never going to leave as long as N. Vietnamese persisted Hurt Nixon administration Confirmed the growing belief that the American people couldn’t trust the government

16. 1972 Election/Nixon wins March, North Vietnam launch massive attack on South Nixon responds with bombing campaign Last bombing on Hanoi and Haiphong, 100,000 bombs Moscow, Beijing, Congress say ENOUGH March 29, 1973 Last of U.S. troops come home After Americans left, VietCong take over Saigon and South Vietnam surrenders Everything that U.S. fought for was lost

17. Legacy of Vietnam War Americans 58,000 killed 303,000 wounded Vietnamese Over 2 million killed North and South Government abolishes draft War Powers Act President must inform Congress within 48 hours of troop deployment 90 days or less Unless congress approves war  American foreign policy altered …pause, consider risks  People NO LONGER TRUST government  Vets Treated poorly