1. Animal Sciences 3170 Animal Diseases

2. ASC 3170 Host – Pathogen Interaction Management System Specific Diseases

3. Tissue Specific Diseases

4. TEXT None Supplemental Reading Website – http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/as413/

5. My Contact Joe Hogan hogan.4@osu.eduhogan.4@osu.edu Phone 330-263-3801

6. Tentative Exam Schedule See syllabus

7. Quizzes & Homework Announced – no pop quizzes No make-up quizzes No make-up homeworks

8. Make-up Exams Discretion of Hogan

9. Final Grade

10. Terminology Pandemics/Epidemic/Endemics Antibodies/Antibiotics Virus/Bacteria/Fungi/Protoza Host Defense –Cellular –Immunity –Innate –Induced

11. Terminology Confusion

12. Disease Specific disorder or illness

13. Latin meaning Disease –“Not at ease”

14. Disease Infectious –Living agent Non-infectious –Nonliving agent

15. Non Infectious Disease 1)Nutritional 2)Metabolic 3)Trauma 4)Toxic Materials 5)Congenital Defects

16. Infectious Disease Agents infect/invest

17. Infectious Agents Bacteria Virus Protozoa Fungi Parasites

18. Infectious Disease Process Enter host Multiply Evade host defenses Harm host

19. The Holy Triangle Host Environment Pathogen

20. Infectious Diseases Contagious –Animal to animal transfer Non contagious –Environmental to animal transfer

21. Transmission Direct –Cough –Aerosol –Touch

22. Transmission Indirect –Vectors –Fomites

23. Vector organism that transmits a particular disease or parasite from one animal to another

24. Fomites inanimate objects that transmits a particular disease or parasite from one animal to another

25. Fomites

26. “demics” Relating to population or area

27. Epidemic Rate of disease in a population greater than expected

28. Endemic Disease is maintained at a relatively constant rate in the population without the need for external input

29. Pandemic Epidemic of worldwide (large geographical area) distribution J.M. Helfrich 1995

30. Host Parasite

31. Interaction dynamic

32. Host Parasite Interaction CommensalismNo harm No benefit

33. Host Parasite Interaction ParasitismOne lives @ expense of other

34. PARASITES - HOST Successful Parasites co-evolve with Host

35. Host Parasite Interaction Mutualism – both benefit

36. Objective of pathogens Reproduce

37. Pathogenicity Capacity to infect

38. Virulence Degree of pathogenicity

39. ID Infectious dose = minimal # of pathogens needed to establish a disease. –Pathogen specific –Range 1 to 10 8

40. ID 50 Infectious Dose 50 Gold standard for virulence Number of organisms required to produce an infection in 50% of the test animals –Specified time –Specified route

41. LD 50 Lethal Dose 50 Number of organisms or toxin required to cause death in 50% of the test animals –Specified time –Specified route

42. LD 50 Toxin

43. Pathogen Types May change category –Host –Life Cycle –Environment

44. Obligate Pathogens Associated only with disease

45. Opportunistic or Potential Pathogens Normal flora Disease when host compromised

46. Human Normal Flora Bacterial normal flora population # of cells in human body

47. Pathogen Assault

48. Pathogenic Microbes Frontal assault –Short incubation –Rapid clinical signs –Intimate transmission

49. Pathogenic Microbes Stealth assaults –Incubation lengthy –Slow onset of signs –Environmental transmission

50. HOST

51. Host Final Host –Parasite reaches sexual maturity or replicates

52. Host Intermediate Host –Essential – Temporary environment for development

53. Host Reservoir Host –Harbors pathogens that infect others

54. HOST DEFENSES

55. Innate Defenses Inherent to host

56. Innate = Intrinsic No Prior Exposure Needed

57. Host Defenses Inducible Defenses

58. Due to exposure

59. Defense mechanisms 1. Physical 2. Cellular 3. Immunological 4. Non-specific

60. Physical Factors - Site Specific Respiratory Gastro-intestinal Uro-genital Mammary

61. INVADING HOST

62. Transmission of Pathogens 1) Airborne 2) Direct contact 3) Food/H 2 O borne 4) Arthropod borne

63. Attachment/Adherence Specific site on host cells

64. Defenses Against Adherence pH Secretions Normal flora Flushing

65. pH Mouth Urine Stomach pH

66. Secretory Products Antibody Enzymes Iron chelators Anti-toxins

67. Gut Dermal Vagina

68. Normal Flora Occupies attachment sites Produce by-products that are competitive

69. Model for Commensals

70. Flushing Action Urinary tract Mammary gland Nasal secretion

71. Bacterial Attachment Factors Proteins Glycocaylx

72. Bacteria Counter with Pili

73. Upper Respiratory Nasal hairs Turbulence Mucous Drain Swallow Cililiary esculator

74. Rabbit Lung Cilia

75. Upper Respiratory Tree

76. Dermal Cell turnover pH Proteins/lipids

77. Intestinal Attachment

78. GO HOME!