1. Infectious Disease
A disease caused by a Pathogen that can be passed from person to person

2. An organism that causes disease Most are microscopic
Pathogen
An organism that causes disease
Most are microscopic

3. Louis Pasteur Proved the Theory of Spontaneous Generation was false
Showed that airborne microbes were the cause of disease
Discovered microbes could be killed by the heating of the liquid they were in

4. Robert Koch
Experimented with various dyes that stain bacteria and make them more visible under the microscope
Also devised an ingenious method of separating a mixture of bacteria
Demonstrated that each infectious disease is caused by a specific pathogen
inoculated an animal with the bacteria and passed the resulting infection from one animal to another until, at the end of the experimental chain, only one type of bacterium remained

5. Four Types of Pathogens
Protists
Single celled organisms
Amoeba, Giardia, Plasmodium vivax
Dysentery, Giardia, Malaria
Fungi
Dermatophytes
Athletes Foot, Ringworm

6. Viruses Nucleic acid with a protein cover DNA or RNA
Damage or destroy cells by reproducing inside the cell
Adenovirus, Influenza virus, HIV
Cold, Flu, AIDS

7. Bacteria Can damage cells directly Streptococcus, Strep throat
Can damage cells indirectly by producing toxins
Clostridium tetani,Tetanus
Can use shapes and arrangement of bacteria to help identify

8. Sources of Pathogens
Soil, food, water, air
Contaminated objects
Infected animals
An infected person
Disease can be spread through contact with any of the above Sources of Pathogens.

9. How Pathogens are Spread
Contact with
Infected people
Infected animals
Contaminated animals
Contaminated food, water or soil

10. Predicting Casualties
Chart the growth of bacterium that reproduces by simple cell division once every 20 minutes.
Make a table and graph showing the number of organisms created during a 3-hour period.

11. Predicting Casualties
20 min Time Periods
Number of Cells 1 2 4 3 8 16 5 32 6 64 7
128
256 9
512
Predicting Casualties

12. Exponential Growth

13. Predicting Casualties
20 minute Time Periods
Number of Cells
1.0 1
2.0 2
4.0 3
8.0 4
16.0 5
32.0 6
64.0 7
128.0 8
256.0 9
512.0 10
1,024.0 11
2,048.0 12
4,096.0 13
8,192.0 14
16,384.0 15
32,768.0 16
65,536.0 17
131,072.0 18
262,144.0 19
524,288.0 20
1,048,576.0 21
2,097,152.0 22
4,194,304.0 23
8,388,608.0 24
16,777,216.0 25
33,554,432.0 26
67,108,864.0 27
134,217,728.0 28
268,435,456.0 29
536,870,912.0 30
1,073,741,824.0
Predicting Casualties
How long till we reach a million cells?

15. Months
No Action
Educ. Campaign
Preventative Meds. 1
10,000.0 2
11,200.0
10,200.0
10,800.0 3
12,544.0
10,424.0
11,664.0 4
14,049.3
10,674.9
12,597.1 5
15,735.2
10,955.9
13,604.9 6
17,623.4
11,270.6
14,693.3 7
19,738.2
11,623.0
15,868.7 8
22,106.8
12,017.8
17,138.2 9
24,759.6
12,459.9
18,509.3 10
27,730.8
12,955.1
19,990.0 11
31,058.5
13,509.7
21,589.2 12
34,785.5
14,130.9
23,316.4 13
38,959.8
14,826.6
25,181.7 14
43,634.9
15,605.8
27,196.2 15
48,871.1
16,478.5
29,371.9 16
54,735.7
17,455.9
31,721.7 17
61,303.9
18,550.7
34,259.4 18
68,660.4
19,776.7
37,000.2 19
76,899.7
21,149.9
39,960.2 20
86,127.6
22,687.9
43,157.0 21
96,462.9
24,410.5
46,609.6 22
108,038.5
26,339.7
50,338.3 23
121,003.1
28,500.5
54,365.4 24
135,523.5
30,920.6
58,714.6

17. Preventative Meds and Educ. Campaign
Months
Preventative Meds and Educ. Campaign 1
10000 2
9800.0 3
9584.0 4
9350.7 5
9098.8 6
8826.7 7
8532.8 8
8215.4 9
7872.7 10
7502.5 11
7102.7 12
6670.9 13
6204.6 14
5700.9 15
5157.0 16
4569.6 17
3935.1 18
3250.0 19
2510.0 20
1710.7 21
847.6 22
-84.6 23 24
Predicting Casualties

19. An Ounce of Cure Set up Petri dishes with pathogens
Choose 3 medications to test for growth inhibition
Be sure to label carefully and draw accurately

20. Fighting Disease
3 Lines of Defense

21. First line of defense Surfaces of skin, breathing passages,
mouth, stomach
Trap and kill most of the pathogens that come into contact with them

22. How it Works Skin Destructive chemicals Oil Sweat Dead cells fall off
Tightly packed cells don’t allow access

23. How it Works Breathing Passages
Mucus and cilia trap and remove pathogens
Sneeze or cough to force pathogens out

24. How it Works Mouth and Stomach Destructive chemicals Saliva
Stomach acid

25. Second line of defense Inflammatory Response
Fluid and white blood cells leak from blood vessels into nearby tissues
WBC’s help fight pathogens
Phagocytes

26. Inflammatory Response
Blood vessels widen and increase blood flow to the area causing redness
Leaked fluid causes swelling
Some pathogens do not grow and reproduce at higher temperatures

27. Third line of defense Immune System T cells (Helper and Killer)
B cells
Antibodies
Lymphocytes distinguish between different kinds of pathogens

28. Third line of defense Antigens
Molecules that the immune system recognizes either as part of the body or as coming from outside
Like a team uniform

29. Third line of defense AIDS A virus that attacks the Immune System
Enters Helper T cells
Over time, HIV does damage the immune system, and the body will lose it’s ability to fight disease.

30. Two types of Immunity Active Results from getting disease or
From vaccination
Long lasting
Passive
Antibodies given to fight disease
Short term (months)
Both protect the body from pathogens

31. Active Immunity
When a person acquires immunity because their own immune system has produced antibodies in response to the presence of a pathogen
Produced by cells of the immune system as part of the immune response

32. Active Immunity Memory cells
When a pathogen enters the body memory cells recognize the antigen and start the immune response so quickly that the persons won’t get sick

33. Active Immunity Vaccination Vaccine
Pathogens (viruses) that have been weakened or killed but can still trigger an immune response
Antibiotic – Bacteria only

34. Active Immunity
3 things you can do to help your Body recover when you are sick
Get plenty of rest
Drink lots of fluids
Eat well balanced meals

35. Passive Immunity Does not last a lifetime (short term)
Antibodies that are passed to the blood of baby from the mother’s blood during pregnancy