1. Using Nature’s Notebook to track seasonal & long term environmental change Nature’s rhythms: LoriAnne Barnett Education Coordinator September 25, 2015

2. LIFE CYCLE BINGO! Opening Activity

3. Objectives of today’s workshop:  Define phenology and explain its applicability to understanding changes in the natural world  Understand the importance of record- keeping.  Understand long-term phenology monitoring.  Apply phenology!  Learn where to find resources to get started.

4. Objectives for the follow-up workshop on October 24 @9:00 am:  Demonstrate how to select a physical site for monitoring phenology  Demonstrate how to select plants and animals for monitoring.  Demonstrate how to make high-quality observations on phenophases based on USA-NPN protocols.  Apply phenology!

5. Just to be clear… phRenology – a pseudoscience focused on measurements of the human skull and size of the brain phOnology – a branch of linguistics concerned with the organization of sounds in language

6. What do I KNOW about PHENOLOGY?! What do I WANT TO KNOW? THINK, PAIR, SHARE 5 minutes Activity 2

7. PHENOLOGY

8. What is phenology? The science of the seasons Blooms and buds Hibernation, migration, emergence Easy to observe Photo credit: L. Barnett …it is the study of the timing of recurring plant and animal life- cycle stages, or phenophases, and their relationship to environmental conditions. Photo credit: P. Warren

9. Who observes phenology? Scientists Gardeners/Agriculturists Land managers Educators Youth Photo credit: C. Enquist Photo credit: P. Warren Photo credit: S. Schaffer

11. Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons

12. Reproduction Development Method Activity ANIMAL >> Mammal, Bird, Snake, Insect Flowers Fruits Leaves PLANT Observable life cycle events or PHENOPHASES

13. PLANT LIFE CYCLE GREEN GROWTH Requires Optimum Conditions FLOWER SET SEED

14. American kestrel Falco sparverius ©Wikimedia Commons Active

15. Photo Credit: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region, via Wikimedia Commons Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons Photo credit: L. Barnett

16. Why are the timing of life-cycle events important? SEASONAL CHANGE Species interrelations Shifting weather and climate affect all of these

17. Vegetable Gardening "Bagatelle potager02" by Spedona (Spedona) - Cliché personnel - own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons

18. Photo credit: E. Stemmy Feeding times Following brackish waters Water temperature Spawning times related to temp - 55° - 68° F in Chesapeake Bay. April peak? Chesapeake Bay Spring Season for Striped Bass = May 16 – June 16 Understanding outdoor recreation schedules

19. Land management decisions Image credit: John McColgan –U.S. Department of Agriculture. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia

20. U NDERSTAND HOW SPECIES AND LANDSCAPES ARE RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE. Primary goal Create a standardized, long-term dataset for use in multiple types of research. Mission Make phenology data, models and related information available. Encourage people of all ages and backgrounds to observe and record phenology. Photo credit: C. Enquist

21. Photo credit: L. Romano

22. OBSERVATIONS Record keeping

23. Using nature as a guide Tradition and Lore http://www.farmersalmanac.com/full-moon-names/ “Tribes kept track of seasons by giving distinct names to each recurring full moon.” November -Beaver Moon February – Full Worm Moon May – Full Flower Moon Photo credit: B. Powell Photo Credits: Wikimedia Commons unless otherwise notedPhoto credit: L. Barnett September – Harvest Moon

24. Jefferson Powell Thoreau

25. Garden re-created Photo credit: Monticello

26. Cloned lilac program H ISTORIC L ILAC N ETWORK E STABLISHED IN THE 1950 S S ANTA R ITA E XPERIMENTAL R ANGE, G REEN V ALLEY, AZ Photo credit: L. Barnett https://www.usanpn.org/nn/cloned-lilacs

27. INSERT LOCAL PHENOLOGY STORY, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, SEASONAL EVENTS HERE.

28. Acer rubrum (red maple); Photo credit: D. Hartel Observing the same individual through the seasons

29. Acer rubrum (red maple); Photo credit: D. Hartel Observing the same individual through the seasons

30. INTRODUCTION TO OBSERVATION 45 minutes Activity 3

31. ECOLOGY Phenology

32. Weather Day-to-day changes in the Earth’s atmosphere. -Mark Twain Climate Long-term average of daily weather in a given area. It is about… …time

33. Distribution Abiotic Biotic Abundance

34. http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/phzmweb/ Annual average MINIMUM temperatures – 30 years

35. Climate Zones for the West Also account for: Latitude Hills and Valleys Elevation Ocean influence (humidity) Continental air Precipitation Microclimates www.sunset.com/garden/climate-zones/

36. Mile 1 Mile 5 Mile 4 Mile 3 Mile 2 Desert scrub Scrub grassland Oak woodland Oak-pine woodland Pine forest 800 mm 300 mm 10 ºC 20 ºC Annual Average Precipitation Annual Average Temperature Elevation-Veg-Climate gradient Slide courtesy of T. M. Crimmins

37. BIOMES –World’s Major Communities Classified by major vegetation, adaptations to environment Aquatic Grassland Desert Forest Tundra Optimum conditions= NICHE

38. http://alliance.la.asu.edu/maps/AZ_biomes_web.pdf Life Zones

39. Why is climate important to ecology and phenology?? Climate drives what occurs where, what lives where, and how those species respond to their environment.

40. PHENOLOGY Climate change

41. Earlier Bloom Times Shrubs in the Sonoran Desert Bloomed 10-41 days earlier between 1841 and 2004 http://www.southwestclimatechange.org/impacts/land/phenology Bowers, J. E., Southwestern Naturalist. 2007.

43. Phenology and Climate Change Research, spring timing and range A three-way mismatch English Oak Winter Moth Pied Flycatcher Both et al. 2006 Nature EARLIER SAME TIME EACH YEAR EARLIER

44. www.globalchange.gov

45. http://nca2014.globalchange.gov

46. http://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/climatechange/ccwatershed.htm

47. CHANGES in: Arrival, birth, feeding Shifting range boundaries Changing morphology Extirpation or Extinction Economic impacts http://www.ipcc.ch/

48. OBSERVATIONS Shared for science

49. Citizen science …  scientific research conducted, in whole or in part, by amateurs or nonprofessionals  public participation in scientific research  (also known as) crowd science, crowd-sourced science, or networked science Quercus alba, Q. falcata, D. Hartel

50. Photo credit: L. Romano

51. ~5,700 active observers ~7,500 active sites 5.9M+ records Lilac data from 1956 1016 taxa from 2009

53. Reproduction Development Method Activity ANIMAL  Active individuals  Feeding  Male combat  Mating  Young individuals  Dead individuals  Individuals at a feeding station Flowers Fruits Leaves  Young leaves  Leaves  Colored leaves  Flowers or flower buds  Open flowers  Ripe fruits  Recent seed or fruit drop PLANT PHENOPHASES …How Many?

55. Leaves Flowers Fruits Velvet mesquite, Prosopis velutina Image credit: Patty Guertin

56. One or more open, fresh flowers are visible on the plant. Flowers are considered "open" when the reproductive parts (male stamens or female pistils) are visible between or within unfolded or open flower parts (petals, floral tubes or sepals). Do not include wilted or dried flowers. Do you see…open flowers? Velvet mesquite, Prosopis velutina Image credit: Patty Guertin

57. What percentage of all fresh flowers are open? Select the most appropriate bin Write the bin number on the line Less than 5% 5% - 24% 25% - 49% 50% - 74% 75% - 94% 95% or more Image credit: Patty Guertin

58. Acorn Woodpecker Photo from All About Birds

59. Breaking leaf buds Leaves Increasing leaf size Colored leaves Flowers or Flower Buds Open Flowers FruitsRipe Fruits Recent fruit or seed drop DECIDUOUS PLANT PHENOPHASES

61. Enter Observations Online Photo credit: S. Schaffer

62. You MUST have your account completely set up online first to use the mobile apps!

64. http://www.usanpn.org/data/visualizations

65. https://www.usanpn.org/results/data DATA DOWNLOAD

67. "Snowman on frozen lake" by Petritap - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons @ Wikimedia Commons. "Spring in Somerville, NJ - 2012 File 3" by Siddharth Mallya - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons @ Wikimedia Commons "Owoce wisni" by Nova - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons @ Wikimedia Commons By Hans [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons

68. 2012. Primack, R. B, Miller-Rushing, A.J 7 day average 61 years 2-3 week average 1999. Bradley, N.L., Leopold, C.A., Ross, J., Huffacker, W. Sandhill crane and geese

69. NEXT STEPS

70. Resources and upcoming events www.usanpn.org/nn/guidelines

71. Resources and upcoming events https://www.usanpn.org/nn/connect/project

72. Resources and upcoming events October 24 from 9:00 am until noon

73. Objectives for the follow-up workshop on October 24 @9:00 am:  Demonstrate how to select a physical site for monitoring phenology  Demonstrate how to select plants and animals for monitoring.  Demonstrate how to make observations on phenophases based on USA-NPN protocols.  Apply phenology!

74. What did I LEARN about PHENOLOGY? Closing Activity

75. EVALUATION And feedback

76. Objectives of today’s workshop: Define phenology and explain its applicability to understanding changes in the natural world Understand the importance of record- keeping. Understand long-term phenology monitoring. Apply phenology! Learn where to find resources to get started.

77. Explore tagged plants and make observations outside 10 minutes Activity 5 – Time Permitting

78. Connect with USA-NPN… Become an observer Discover new tools and resources Visit a local phenology trail LoriAnne Barnett lorianne@usanpn.org www.facebook.com/USANPN www.pinterest.com/USANPN www.twitter.com/@loriannebarnett www.instagram/tucson_phenology_trail