4.  In Canada there are 14 organ donors per 1 million people.  In 2007, 4195 Canadians were waiting for organ transplants and of those 193 people died  Humans can donate any organs, common organs are kidneys, liver, lung, small bowel and pancreas  In some parts the world people are encouraged to sell their organs (India) for profit

5.  “organs and tissues should be freely given without commercial consideration or financial profit.”  “the very idea of organ scarcity has to be questioned. It’s an artificially created need, invented by transplant technicians and dangled before the eyes of an ever-expanding sick, aging, and dying population. And it’s a scarcity that can never under any circumstances be satisfied, for underlying the need is the quintessentially human denial and refusal of death.”

6.  What are some ethical issues in selling and purchasing organs?  Is organ transplanting a ‘win-win situation? It provides money for the seller and an organ for the buyer, is this a reason to approve the sale of organs?  Some people have suggested that legalizing the sale of organs would prevent the physical risks to the organ donor. Comment on this.  What is your opinion on organ transplants? Do you think it is an Islamically moral practice?

8.  Gene therapy involves replacing an absent or faulty gene with a normal gene  Experimental procedure, in the future it could be used to treat cancer ex. Apoptosis of cancer cells

10.  Cloning creates a genetically identical organism that is an exact copy of a gene, cell, tissue or organism  In plants: grafting to make trees that produce the exact same type of apple  In animals: reproductive cloning, gene cloning, therapeutic cloning  sheep, monkeys, cows, pigs, dogs, cats, mice and rats have been cloned using reproductive cloning

11. Reproductive Cloning

12.  Gene Cloning- transfer of a gene into bacteria so that the gene can be reproduced multiple times, which makes it easier for scientists to do experiments (used in Gene Therapy)  Therapeutic Cloning- purpose is to harvest embryonic stem cells from a developing embryo. Can harvest embryonic and adult stem cells. Adult stem cells can be harvested to create tissue, which can replace any damaged tissues in the patient

13.  What is gene therapy?  How can gene therapy be used to treat or prevent diseases?  What is cloning  Distinguish between the three types of cloning in animals

15.  Transgenic organisms contain the genes from other species. Ex. Glofish  Transgenic animals can be used to study the effects of diseases  Transgenic animals can be used to produce organs that can be used in human organ transplants in a process called xenotransplantation