1. CHAPTER 2 BASIC CHEMISTRY

2. MAJOR ELEMENTS OF LIFE

3. Ezymatic action

4. STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

5. THE 4 MAJOR ELEMENTS OF LIFE

6. 3 ADDITIONAL MAJOR ELEMENTS

7. Figure 02.03: Formation of an ion

8. Chemical Bonding

9. Figure 02.04: Chemical bonding

10. Hydrogen bonds form between polar groups or molecules
Polar molecules
Meaning and example in water

11. Figure 02.05: Hydrogen bonding between water molecules

12. BALL & STICK MODEL OF WATER MOLECULES

13. Covalent bonds share electrons

14. FORMATION OF COVALENT BONDS

15. 2.3
Water and pH

16. Figure 02.06: Solutes dissolve in water

17. ACID, BASE, AND SALT

18. Figure 02.09: Organic compounds in cells

19. 2.4 Major Organic Compounds of Living Organisms

20. Functional groups define molecular behavior
Major functional groups:
Hydroxyl (—OH)
Methyl (---CH3)
Amino (—NH2)
Sulfhydryl (—SH)
Carboxyl (—COOH)
Phosphate (—OPO3-2)

21. Carbohydrates provide energy and building materials
Chemical structure and uses
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Importance in microorganisms

22. Structural Formulas for Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and a Polysaccharide

23. LIPIDS
One glycerol plus 3 fatty acids covalently linked together will make one fat molecule.

24. STRUCTURE OF GLYCEROL AND ONE FATTY ACID

25. ONE FAT MOLECULE CONSISTS OF ONE GLYCEROL AND 3 FATTY ACIDS

26. Lipids store energy and are components of membranes

27. PHOSPHOLIPID STRUCTURE a major component of plasma membranes

28. Proteins are the workhorses of cells
Chemical components and combination of amino acids
Peptide bond formation
Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary protein structure and examples

29. AMINO ACID STRUCTURE

30. PEPTIDE BOND FORMED BY DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

31. Figure 02.16: Formation of a dipeptide by dehydration synthesis

32. Examples of Amino Acids

33. MORE AMINO ACIDS

34. Protein Folding

35. Nucleic acids
DNA and the RNA’s

36. DNA
The Molecular Structures of Nucleotide Components and the Construction of a DNA

37. STRUCTURE OF ATP