1. 1 © 2005 Julian Dyke Julian Dyke Independent Consultant juliandyke.com Web Version Native PL/SQL Compilation

2. © 2005 Julian Dyke juliandyke.com 2 Native PL/SQL Compilation  Oracle 9.0.1 and above includes support for native compilation of PL/SQL into a shared library (DLL) in the file system  A C compiler is required to use native compilation of PL/SQL. This can be a GNU C compiler  New parameters include PLSQL_NATIVE_LIBRARY_DIR PLSQL_NATIVE_MAKE_UTILITY PLSQL_NATIVE_MAKE_FILE_NAME PLSQL_NATIVE_C_COMPILER PLSQL_NATIVE_LINKER PLSQL_COMPILER_FLAGS

3. © 2005 Julian Dyke juliandyke.com 3 Native PL/SQL Compilation  PLSQL_COMPILER_FLAGS  Determines whether PL/SQL code is compiled native or interpreted  Determines whether debug information is included  Can be set at system or session level  Possible values INTERPRETEDcompile in interpreted mode NATIVEcompile in native mode DEBUGinclude debug information NON_DEBUGno debug information  Defaults are 'INTERPRETED','NON_DEBUG'  Invalid combinations  NATIVE and INTERPRETED  DEBUG and NON_DEBUG  NATIVE and DEBUG

4. © 2005 Julian Dyke juliandyke.com 4 Native PL/SQL Compilation  PLSQL_COMPILER_FLAGS  For example ALTER SESSION SET PLSQL_COMPILER_FLAGS = 'NATIVE'; ALTER SESSION SET PLSQL_COMPILER_FLAGS = 'INTERPRETED', 'DEBUG';

5. © 2005 Julian Dyke juliandyke.com 5 Native PL/SQL Compilation  PLSQL_NATIVE_MAKE_FILE_NAME  Determines full path to makefile used to create shared libraries containing natively compiled PL/SQL code  Set at SYSTEM level  Mandatory if PLSQL_COMPILER_FLAGS = 'NATIVE'  Should specify full pathname of makefile  Sample makefile is  $ORACLE_HOME/plsql/spnc_makefile.mk  No default value - must be set explicitly  For example: ALTER SESSION SET PLSQL_NATIVE_MAKE_FILE_NAME = '/u01/app/oracle/product/9.0.1/plsql/spnc_makefile.mk'

6. © 2005 Julian Dyke juliandyke.com 6 Native PL/SQL Compilation  PLSQL_NATIVE_MAKE_UTILITY  Determines full path to make utility used to process makefile specified by PLSQL_NATIVE_MAKE_FILE_NAME  Set at SYSTEM level  Mandatory if PLSQL_COMPILER_FLAGS = 'NATIVE'  Should specify full pathname of make utility  No default value - must be set explicitly  For example: ALTER SESSION SET PLSQL_NATIVE_MAKE_UTILITY = '/usr/ccs/bin/make';

7. © 2005 Julian Dyke juliandyke.com 7 Native PL/SQL Compilation  PLSQL_NATIVE_LIBRARY_DIR  Determines directory name used to store shared libraries that contains natively compiled PL/SQL code  Set at SYSTEM level  Mandatory if PLSQL_COMPILER_FLAGS = 'NATIVE'  Should be set to full pathname of specified directory  Oracle user must have write permissions on specified directory  Access by other users should be restricted  Directory must be created manually at operating system level  No default value - must be set explicitly  For example: ALTER SESSION SET PLSQL_NATIVE_LIBRARY_DIR = '/usr/app/oracle/product/9.0.1/plsql_libs;

8. © 2005 Julian Dyke juliandyke.com 8 Native PL/SQL Compilation  PLSQL_NATIVE_C_COMPILER  Should not be set  with an ALTER SYSTEM command  in init.ora  in stored parameter file (SPFILE)  Should be set in spnc_makefile.mk  For example: # Specify C Compiler # CC=/opt/SUNWspro/bin/cc

9. © 2005 Julian Dyke juliandyke.com 9 Native PL/SQL Compilation  PLSQL_NATIVE_LINKER  Should not be set  with an ALTER SYSTEM command  in init.ora  in stored parameter file (SPFILE)  Should be set in spnc_makefile.mk  For example: # Specify Linker # LD=/usr/ccs/bin/ld

10. © 2005 Julian Dyke juliandyke.com 10 Native PL/SQL Compilation  PLSQL_NATIVE_LIBRARY_SUBDIR_COUNT  Determines number of subdirectories to be created in directory specified by PLSQL_NATIVE_LIBRARY_DIR  Performance of some file operations degrades if there are a large number of files in a directory  Use this parameter to specify number of subdirectories that should be created  Directories should be called d0, d1, d2... dN where N is the value specified for this parameter  Set at SYSTEM level  Default value is 0 - do not use subdirectories

11. © 2005 Julian Dyke juliandyke.com 11 Native PL/SQL Compilation  To compile an interpreted function ALTER SESSION SET PLSQL_COMPILER_FLAGS = ‘INTERPRETED’; ALTER FUNCTION f1 COMPILE;  To compile a native function ALTER SESSION SET PLSQL_COMPILER_FLAGS = ‘NATIVE’; ALTER FUNCTION f2 COMPILE;

12. © 2005 Julian Dyke juliandyke.com 12 Native PL/SQL Compilation  Four tests were performed using the same user-defined function written in different languages  The PL/SQL version of the function was CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION double (n NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS v_total NUMBER; BEGIN v_total := 0; FOR f IN 1..n LOOP v_total:= v_total + 2; END LOOP; RETURN v_total; END;

13. © 2005 Julian Dyke juliandyke.com 13 Native PL/SQL Compilation  The function was called using the statement SELECT double (5000000) FROM dual; Language Time (seconds) 9.0.19.2.0 PL/SQL (Interpreted)13.711.7 PL/SQL (Native Compiled)6.05.9 Java Stored Procedure1.6 C-based External Procedure0.3  Results were

14. © 2005 Julian Dyke juliandyke.com 14 Native PL/SQL Compilation  In Oracle 10.1 and above compiled native PL/SQL libraries are stored in BLOBs  Advantages  Libraries can be backed up using RMAN  Libraries compiled on primary database will be automatically propagated to standby

15. © 2005 Julian Dyke juliandyke.com 15 Thank you for your interest For more information and to provide feedback please contact me My e-mail address is: info@juliandyke.com My website address is: www.juliandyke.com