2. Learning Objectives WA State Standard 6-8 ES2G Students know that… Landforms are created by processes that build up structures and processes that break down and carry away material through erosion and weathering.

3. Learning Objectives WA State Standard 6-8 ES2G Students are expected to… Explain how a given landform (e.g. mountain) has been shaped by processes that build up structures (e.g., uplift) and by processes that break down and carry away material (e.g., weathering and erosion).

4. What is Erosion? moved The process by which weathered rock and soil particles are moved from place to place.

5. What is Deposition? laid down The process by which weathered sediments are laid down in a new location creating new landforms.

6. 5 Causes of Erosion Gravity Glaciers Wind Surface Water / Running Water Ocean Shoreline / Ocean Waves

7. 1. GRAVITY Pulls Pulls rock and soil down a slope Mass Movement Called Mass Movement Can be RAPID Rockslides Mudflow Avalanche

9. GRAVITY Can be Slow Slump Creep

10. Mass WastingMass Wasting Video Clip

11. 2. GLACIERS largesmall Carry very large to very small debris Most powerful agent What do they deposit? moraines Form piles called moraines Drumlins – little mounds Glacial lakes Kettle lakes U-shaped valleys

12. MORAINES

13. DRUMLINS GLACIAL LAKES

14. KETTLE LAKES U-SHAPED VALLEYS

15. GLACIERS

16. Glacial Erosion clip

17. 3. WIND loose Removes loose material from the earth’s surface. wind speed Amount of material carried depends on wind speed deserts Most active in deserts, plowed fields, beaches What does wind deposit? Loess- Loess- layer of fine silt or sand Dunes- Dunes- mounds of sand

18. LOESS

19. DUNES

20. Wind Erosion Clip

21. 4. RUNNING WATER MAJOR CAUSE OF EROSION load When water moves it carries particle called the load. Speed Speed of water determines the size of the load canyons Creates canyons and valleys What do rivers create/deposit? What do rivers create/deposit? Deltas Oxbow Oxbow lakes Flood plains

22. RIVER DELTAS Mississippi River Delta Clip

23. OXBOW LAKES

24. FLOOD PLAINS

25. 5. WAVES shape Constantly erode and shape the shoreline. What landforms do waves create? What landforms do waves create? Sea cliffs stacks Sea stacks and caves

26. SEA STACKS

27. SEA STACKS & CLIFFS

28. Cape Flattery, Olympic Peninsula SEA CAVES

29. What do waves deposit? Beaches Spits sand bars sand bars Barrier Islands 5. WAVES

31. Barrier Islands

32. Spits & Sandbars

33. LANDFORMS CREATED BY LIVING THINGS

34. Erosion by Brainpop 1)What can help protect soil against erosion? 2)Name one surface feature caused by erosion. 3)Why can’t you see glacial movement in action?

35. Learning Objective WA State Standard 6-8 ES3E Students know that… Living organisms have played several critical roles in shaping landforms that we see today.

36. Learning Objective WA State Standard 6-8 ES3E Students are expected to… List several ways that living organisms have shaped landforms (e.g., coral islands, limestone deposits, oil and coal deposits).

37. Coral Islands Lava from an underwater volcano builds up an island. Living organisms begin living around the shores of the island (polyps). Volcano becomes inactive, sinks, coral dies, an island forms. The formation is a hard rock-like material formed by the skeleton of marine polyps and sand (takes millions of years!)

38. Coral Islands Usually forms a ring and partially or totally encloses a shallow body of water, or lagoon Most are found in the Pacific Ocean

39. Limestone Deposits Form underwater from the shells of dead animals Takes millions of years!

40. Limestone Deposits

41. Oil/Coal Deposits Plant matter accumulates at the bottom of a body of water (must be protected by from decomposition and oxygen exposure—usually gets covered by mud or an acidic water layer). Over millions of years, it forms into a hardened brownish black sedimentary rock.

42. Oil/Coal Deposits Coal is a fossil fuel and is the largest source of energy and the largest source of carbon dioxide emissions Coal is extracted from the ground by mining, either underground or in open pits.

43. Oil/Coal Deposits Oil is generally formed from marine deposits and coal is generally formed from land vegetation.

45. Sources http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/caves/f orm_bacteria.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/caves/f orm_bacteria.html