1. 2 – CONVECTION CURRENTS AND THE MANTLE Plate Tectonics Chp.1 Sections 2

2. Convection Currents and the Mantle What are Convention Currents and how do they affect the Mantle?

3. Convection Currents and the Mantle What are Convention Currents and how do they affect the Mantle? There are three types of heat transfer:  Radiation  Conduction  Convention

4. Heat Transfer 1. heat transfer – the movement of _energy_ from a _warmer_object to a _cooler_ object.

5. What is Radiation? 2. radiation – the _transfer_ of _energy_ through empty space.

6. What is Conduction? 3. conduction – the transfer of _heat_ by the direct _contact_ of particles of _matter_.

7. What is Convention? 4. convection – the _transfer_ of _heat_ by movements of a heated _fluid_. There are two vocabulary terms of convention:  Density  Convention current

8. What is Convention? 5. density – the amount of _mass_ in a given _space_; mass per unit _volume_. 6. convection current – the _movement_ of a _fluid_, caused by differences in _temperature_, that transfers _heat_from one _part_ of the _fluid_ to another.

9. 3-DRIFTING CONTINENTS Plate Tectonics Chp.1 Sections 3

10. What are Drifting Continents? Wegener’s hypothesis Continent Drift

11. Wegener’s hypothesis Wegener’s hypothesis was that all the continents had once been joined together in a single landmass and have since drifted apart. 1. Pangaea – the name of the _single_ _landmass_ that _broke_ _apart_ 200 million years ago and gave rise to today’s _continents_. 2. continental drift – the _hypothesis_ that the _continents_ slowly _move_ across Earth’s _surface_.

12. WEGENER’S HYPOTHESIS WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE FROM LANDFORMS? WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE FROM FOSSILS? WHAT EVIDENCE IS THERE FROM THE CLIMATE? What is the Evidence from Landforms, Fossils & Climate?

13. Evidence from Landforms Wegener pieced together maps of Africa & South America with similar mountain ranges. European coal fields match up with similar coal fields in North America.

14. Evidence From Fossils 3. fossil – a _trace_ of an _ancient_ organism that has been _preserved_ in _rock_. Mesosaurus & Lystrosaurus were reptiles that have been found in places that are NOW separated by oceans. Glossopteris was a fernlike plant that was found in Africa, South America, Australia, India &Anatarctica.

15. Evidence From Climate Spitsbergen According to Wegener the climates of Spitsbergen and South Africa changed because the positions of these places on Earth’s surface changed. As a climate moves toward the equator it becomes _________. As a climate moves toward the poles its climate becomes __________.