1. New Centers of Civilization By: Vika Arand

2. Pastoral Nomad They domesticated animals for food and clothing. They were the most important of the nomads. They followed regular migratory routes to provide food for their animals.

3. Indo-Europeans Spoke a language derived from a single parent tongue. Like Greek, Latin, Persian, Sanskirt and the Germanic languages. The original Indo-Europeans are from the steppe region north of the Black Sea.

4. Hitties Created an empire in western Asia and threatened to power of the Egyptians. Were the first to use Iron. Lost power after trying to take over Egypt and ended their people.

5. Phoenicians They lived in the area of the Palestine along the Mediterranean coast on a narrow band of land 120 miles long. Thrived after the fall of the Hittites and the Egyptians. Chief cities were– Byblos, Tyre and Sidon.

6. Israelites Semitic- speaking people. Their religion flourished and later influenced the religions of Christianity and Islam. Much of their history is in the Hebrew Bible. Lifestyle was based on grazing. Wandered for many years in the dessert until the returned to Canaan

7. Jerusalem The capital of Israel. Israel was controlled by King David.

8. King Solomon Son of David. Expanded the government and army and encouraged trade in Israel. Under his power ancient Israel reached the height of its power.

9. Monotheistic Believing in one God, who is the creator of the world and everything in it.

10. Covenant A contract that God made with the Jewish people. God promised that if the Jews they followed his Torah, He would protect them. Most famous covenant is the 10 commandments.

11. Prophets Religious teachers that God sent to serve as his voice to his people.