1. Assistance in Times of War Neutral, Impartial and Independent humanitarian action

5. Winning hearts and minds

6. Cross purposes Purpose of war: “Der Krieg ist eine bloße Fortsetzung der Politik mit anderen Mitteln” (politics by other means)-Carl von Clausewits Purpose of humanitarian action: “to prevent and alleviate human suffering” – Red Cross fundamental principles So, when the military provides aid, what is the purpose? Does it matter?

7. The force multipliers Colin Powell: “And I want you to know that I have made it clear to my staff here and to all of our ambassadors around the world that I am serious about making sure we have the best relationship with the NGOs who are such a force multiplier for us, such an important part of our combat team.”

8. Aid integral to fighting wars

14. Neutral and independent aid The Red Cross, born of a desire to bring assistance without discrimination to the wounded on the battlefield, endeavours – in its international and national capacity – to prevent and alleviate human suffering wherever it may be found. Its purpose is to protect life and health and to ensure respect for the human being. It promotes mutual understanding, friendship, co-operation and lasting peace amongst all peoples.

15. Red Cross/Red Crescent principles Impartiality –giving priority to the most urgent cases of distress Neutrality –may not take sides in hostilities Independence –must maintain their autonomy

16. Code of Conduct 1.The Humanitarian imperative comes first. 2.Aid is given regardless of the race, creed or nationality of the recipients and without adverse distinction of any kind. Aid priorities are calculated on the basis of need alone. 3.Aid will not be used to further a particular political or religious standpoint.

17. Code of Conduct 5.We shall respect culture and custom. 6.We shall attempt to build disaster response on local capacities. 7.Ways shall be found to involve programme beneficiaries in the management of relief aid. 8.Relief aid must strive to reduce future vulnerabilities to disaster as well as meeting basic needs. 9.We hold ourselves accountable to both those we seek to assist and those from whom we accept resources. 10.In our information, publicity and advertising activities, we shall recognise disaster victims as dignified human beings, not hopeless objects.

18. -Right to life and dignity -Ban on torture and ill treatment -Ban on slavery -Ban on retroactive legislation International Humanitarian Law Humanitarian Law International Public Law Human Rights Law

19. The Laws of Armed Conflict Conflict Laws on initiating war Laws on the waging of war (jus in bello or International Humanitarian Law) (jus ad bellum)

20. International Humanitarian Law: Finding a balance

21. The coordinated approach

22. Politicising aid “Humanitarian soldiers”:Military engages in humanitarian activity Aid workers as government agents: Humanitarian agencies fulfill military or political goals Humanitarian placebo – aid supported in lieu of political or military engagement Sarah Kenyon Lischer Global Governance 2007

23. Trend since 1990s Kevin Henry, dir. of advocacy for CARE: Increasing trend “use and co-opt humanitarian assistance as an integral part of warfighting.” ICRC: “Narrowing humanitarian space.” Overseas Development Institute: Military “devouring” humanitarian space

24. Danger of “coordinated approach” Aid not distributed according to need but according to political considerations Marginalises needs-based humanitarian action Reduces trust in the idea of humanitarian action as a fundamental principle of International Humanitarian Law

25. Capability vs. Credibility Military has enormous logistical capability – but are they ready to use it without reference to political ends? Humanitarian agencies have credibility if they emphasise neutrality and independence – but often lack capability to tackle large scale emergencies In large-scale, complex emergencies both are often needed; capability and credibility

28. Assistance in Times of War Neutral, Impartial and Independent humanitarian action