1. Welcome to Biology I Honors Biology Begins! 10/12/2015 10:44:11 PM© Ryan Barrow 20121

2. Science! Packet #1 10/12/2015 10:44:11 PM© Ryan Barrow 20082

3.  Suppose you knew nothing about science. How would you explain how it rains?  Suppose someone did not believe your explanation. Could you prove that it is right?  Why or why not?  Since the beginning of time, people have been trying to explain natural events. Just as you may have ideas to explain that natural event, so have others over the years. 10/12/2015 10:44:11 PM© Ryan Barrow 20083 Science

4.  The goal of science is to understand the world around us.  Science is derived from a Latin verb meaning to know  Science is a way of acquiring knowledge  A way of knowing  The central theme to this methodology is the testing of hypotheses--The Scientific Method 10/12/2015 10:44:11 PM© Ryan Barrow 20084 Science II

5.  Biology is the study of life.  Describes patterns that we see in the world  Identifies a processes or mechanisms. 10/12/2015 10:44:11 PM© Ryan Barrow 20085 Biology

6. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD 10/12/2015 10:44:11 PM© Ryan Barrow 20086

7.  The scientific method was originated by the Greek philosophers [2600 years ago].  Thales (ca 590 b.c.) is considered the founder of the scientific method.  The prime question they asked was.. "what differentiates living from non-living". 10/12/2015 10:44:11 PM© Ryan Barrow 20087 Historical Information

8. The Scientific Method Step by Step 10/12/2015 10:44:11 PM© Ryan Barrow 20088  Observing and Stating a Problem  Forming a hypothesis  Testing the Hypothesis  Recording and analyzing data  Forming a conclusion  Replicating the work

9.  The problem is a concise, scientific question that can be solved experimentally.  Best expressed as an “open-ended question.”  Question answered with a statement and not a yes or no answer 10/12/2015 10:44:11 PM© Ryan Barrow 20089 Problem

10.  A hypothesis is a possible explanation, conclusion, or even a guess about some event in nature.  The hypothesis can reflect past experience and before selecting a final hypothesis, many should be proposed.  Should be in the form of an if-then statement  Reflects deductive and inductive reasoning.  How is the if-then statement developed?  Via the use of variables 10/12/2015 10:44:11 PM© Ryan Barrow 200810 Hypothesis

11.  There are three types of variables  Independent Variable  This is the variable that you purposely change (manipulate)  Experiment should have only ONE independent variable  Dependent Variable  This is the variable that is being observed and changes in response to the independent variable  Controlled Variable  Variables that cannot be changed 10/12/2015 10:44:11 PM© Ryan Barrow 200811 Hypothesis II Variables

12.  Remember, the hypothesis should be in an if-then format  If the IV does…..then the DV does….  Title of Experiment  The Effect of the IV on the DV 10/12/2015 10:44:11 PM© Ryan Barrow 200812 Development of Hypothesis & Title

13.  Remember  The controlled variable is the variable that cannot be changed  A Control is a test in which the independent variable is kept constant in order to measure changes in the dependent variable.  The control is used for comparison purposes. 10/12/2015 10:44:11 PM© Ryan Barrow 200813 Controlled Variable vs. The Control

14. Testing the Hypothesis The Experiment 10/12/2015 10:44:11 PM© Ryan Barrow 200814  Looking for evidence to support your hypothesis and not necessarily to prove it correct  The design of the experiment should be in a way that allows you, or other experimenters, repeat the experiment on multiple occasions.

15. Record & Analyze Data 10/12/2015 10:44:11 PM© Ryan Barrow 200815  Scientist record their observations and hence create data  Charts & Graphs are used  Analysis of Data  Most data analysis is done via statistics

16.  A conclusion is a final proposition, which is arrived at after the consideration of evidence, arguments or premisespropositionevidencearguments premises  DNA was discovered by Watson and Crick through the process of science  Today, look at how extensive DNA is used in the world 10/12/2015 10:44:11 PM© Ryan Barrow 200816 Conclusion

17.  Repeat experimental procedures. 10/12/2015 10:44:11 PM© Ryan Barrow 200817 Repeat Experiment

18. Review 10/12/2015© Ryan Barrow 200818