1. Chapter 17: Classification

2. Biodiversity
The variety of organisms considered at all levels from populations to ecosystems

3. Taxonomy
Taxonomy – science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms
Taxon – particular group within a taxonomic system

4. Criteria for classification
Cellular structure: prokaryote vs. eukaryote
Methods of obtaining nutrients: autotroph vs. heterotroph
Metabolism: aerobic vs. anaerobic
Comparative anatomy: homologous structures
Embryologic development: similar development stages
Biochemistry: protein structures, base sequencing of the nucleic acids, DNA & RNA

5. Carolus Linnaeus – created original system of classification in the mid 1700s
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Do kings play chess on fuzzy green stools?

6. Scientific Name - Binomial nomenclature: two-part name
1) Genus (capitilized, italicized)
2) species (lowercase, italicized)
same in all countries, unlike common name
Latin
Ex: scientific name - Panthera tigris
common name – tiger

7. Classification of Humans
Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Verbrata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family:Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: Sapiens

8. Branches of Taxonomy 1) Traditional Taxonomy-Linnaean system
use form and structure
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum etc.
2) Systematics
Use phylogenetics- anaylsis of evolutionary history
Use homologous structures, embryological development, DNA,RNA, and fossils
Phylogenic Diagram-representation of classification

9. Taxonomy branches cont.
3) Cladistics
Use Shared Characteristics and Derived characteristics
Shared characteristics-a feature that all members of a group have in common
Derived characteristics- is a feature that evolved only within the group under
Create Cladograms- representation of classification

10. THREE DOMAINS
Bacteria – small single celled prokaryotic organisms, cell wall contains peptidoglycans, cell membrane contains fatty acids
2) Archaea – small single celled prokaryotic organisms, cell wall LACKS peptidoglycans, cell membrane contains fatty acids and other hydrocarbons
3) Eukarya – large, true nucleus (membrane-bound), complex cellular organelles(membrane bound). Includes plants, animals, fungi, and protista (some single-celled organisms)

11. SIX KINGDOMS DOMAIN BACTERIA Kingdom Eubacteria DOMAIN ARCHAEA
2) Kingdom Archaebacteria
DOMAIN EUKARYA
3) Kingdom Protista
4) Kingdom Fungi
5) Kingdom Plantae
6) Kingdom Animalia

12. 1. Kingdom Eubacteria “True Bacteria”
Prokaryotes
Unicellular
No true nucleus
Autotrophs: Photosynthesizers & chemosynthesizers
Heterotrophs
ex. E. Coli
Oldest known fossils

13. 2. Kingdom Archaebacteria “Ancient Bacteria”
Prokaryotes
Unicellular
No true nucleus
Autotrophs: chemosynthesizers Heterotrophs:
ex. Acidophiles or methanogens
Not considered bacteria
Found in harsh environments such as sulfurous hot springs, deep-sea thermal vents, and salty lakes

14. 3. Kingdom Protista Eukaryotes True Nucleus
most unicellular, some simple multicellular
heterotrophic & autotrophic (photosynthesis)
ex. Algae, ameoba, paramecium

15. 4. Kingdom Fungi Eukaryotes True Nucleus Unicellular & multicellular
heterotrophic
ex. Mushrooms, rusts, mildew, molds

16. 5. Kingdom Plantae Eukaryotes Multicellular Autotrophic-photosynthesis
Cell specialization(tissues & organs)
ex. Ferns, trees, mosses

17. 6. Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotes Multicellular Heterotrophic
Most are motile
ex. Whales, insects, birds, etc…

18. Zorse