1. 2111 2005 Technology for 2 nd Generation Biofuels Petter Hieronymus Heyerdahl

2. NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES www.umb.no Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels 2 GOAL: TO CONVERT WASTES AND DIFFICULT BIOMASS INTO BIOFUELS AND VALUABLE PRODUCTS

3. NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES www.umb.no Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels 3 Pyrolysis: Braking down (lysis) of a material by heat (pyro) Biomass is heated to 300 - 600 ºC in the absence of air in a gas thight reaction chamber. Biomass input Gases: CO, CO 2, H 2, CH 4 Liquids Microwave energy input Vola- tiles Char / Carbon and inert solid material Condenser

4. NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES www.umb.no Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels 4 Microwaves are radio waves + - O H H Radio waves travel through biomass Molecules are put into motion – that is heat Frequency: 2450 MHz Wavelength: 12 cm.

5. NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES www.umb.no Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels 5 Heating by microwaves

6. NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES www.umb.no Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels 6 Motor To distillasjon or condensation Feedstock 10 kg/h C + inert 3 x 1.5 kW-generators Main components of the microwave pyrolysis reactor Quarts glass window Purge gas inlet 5 m Ø 250 mm

7. NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES www.umb.no Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels 7 Properties of the continuous MWP plant:  Totally closed system  No air or oxygen added: – minimum gas volumes generated – high calorific value on gases  Low thermal masses of the reactor give short start and shut down times  Precise temperature control: - Low carry over of pollutants - Facilitates better product control  Small plants can be profitable  Electric input 5 – 25 % of feedstock energy content

8. NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES www.umb.no Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels 8 MWP of aspen

9. NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES www.umb.no Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels 9 MWP of municipal solid waste

10. NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES www.umb.no Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels 10 Why MWP? Conclusion  Powerful tool in concentration of hazardous components in biomass and waste streams  Waste reduction and in-process separation  Conversion of biomass and bio wastes for bio fuels, energy and bio chemicals  Attractive tool in education and international collaboration  Development of new technology – industrialisation