1. Chapter 17: Classification

2. Biodiversity
The variety of organisms considered at all levels from populations to ecosystems

3. Taxonomy – science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms
Taxon – particular group within a taxonomic system

4. Criteria for classification
Cellular structure prokaryote vs. eukaryote
Methods of obtaining nutrients autotroph vs. heterotroph
Metabolism aerobic vs. anaerobic
Comparative anatomy homologous structures
Embryologic development similar development stages
Biochemistry protein structures, base sequencing of the nucleic acids, and types of nucleic acids

5. Carolus Linnaeus – created original system of classification in the mid 1700s
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Do kings play chess on fuzzy green stools?

6. Scientific Name - Binomial nomenclature: two-part name
1) Genus (capitilized, italicized)
2) species (lowercase, italicized)
same in all countries, unlike common name
Latin
Ex: scientific name - Panthera tigris
common name – tiger

7. THREE DOMAINS 1) Bacteria – small, single celled prokaryotic organisms
2) Archaea – prokaryotes. Distinctive cell membranes. Some are autotrophic, or can use chemosythesis to produce food.
3) Eukarya – large, true nucleus, complex cellular organelles. Includes plants, animals, fungi, and some single-celled organisms

8. SIX KINGDOMS 1) Eubacteria 2) Archaebacteria 3) Protista 4) Fungi
5) Plantae
6) Animalia

9. 1. Archaebacteria Prokaryotes Unicellular
may be chemosynthesizers or heterotrophs
ex. Acidophiles or methanogens

10. 2. Eubacteria Prokaryotes unicellular
most heterotrophic but some are autotrophic
ex. E. Coli

11. 3. Protista Eukaryotes most unicellular, some simple multicellular
heterotrophic and autotrophic
ex. Algae, ameoba

12. 4. Fungi
Eukaryotes
most multicellular
heterotrophic
ex. Mushrooms

13. 5. Plantae Eukaryotes Multicellular Autotrophic Cell specialization
ex. Ferns, trees, mosses

14. 6. Animalia Eukaryotes Multicellular Heterotrophic Most are motile
ex. Whales, insects, birds, etc…

15. Zorse